Subchapter D. DISPOSAL OF DISEASED OR OTHERWISE
ADULTERATED CARCASSES

 (a)  The carcasses or parts of carcasses of all animals slaughtered at an official establishment and found at the time of slaughter or at any subsequent inspection to be affected with any of the diseases or conditions named in this Subchapter shall be disposed of according to the section pertaining to the disease or condition and in compliance with the following provisions:

   (1)  No product shall be passed for human food unless it is found to be otherwise not adulterated. Products passed for cooking or refrigeration under this Subchapter shall be handled at the official establishment where they are initially prepared unless they are moved to another official establishment for handling or in the case of products passed for refrigeration are moved for such refrigeration to a freezing facility approved by the Department in specific cases.

   (2)  When moved as provided in paragraph (1) the products shall be shipped in containers sealed in accordance with §  1.333(g) (relating to treatment by refrigerating) or in a sealed means of conveyance as provided in §  1.544 (relating to products requiring special supervision). Because it is impracticable to formulate rules covering every case and to designate at just what stage a disease process or a condition results in adulteration of a product, the decision as to the disposal of all carcasses, organs, or other parts not specifically covered in this subchapter shall be left to the officer in charge. The veterinarian in charge shall exercise his judgment regarding the disposition of all carcasses or parts of carcasses in a manner which will insure that only wholesome, unadulterated product is passed for human food.

 (b)  In cases of doubt as to a condition, a disease or the cause of a condition, or to confirm a diagnosis, representative specimens of the affected tissues, properly prepared and packaged, shall be sent for examination to the Bureau Diagnostic Laboratory, Summerdale, Pennsylvania.

 Carcasses of livestock affected with tuberculosis shall be disposed of as follows:

   (1)  Carcasses condemned. The entire carcass of swine, cattle, sheep, and goats shall be condemned if any of the following conditions occur:

     (i)   When the lesions of tuberculosis are generalized (tuberculosis is considered to be generalized when the lesions are distributed in a manner made possible only by entry of the bacilli into the systemic circulation).

     (ii)   When the animal was observed to have a fever on antemortem inspection which was found to be associated with an active tuberculous lesion on postmortem inspection.

     (iii)   When there is an associated cachexia.

     (iv)   When a tuberculosis lesion is found in any lymph node as a result of draining a muscle, bone, joint, or abdominal organ other than the gastrointestinal tract.

     (v)   When the lesions are extensive in tissues of either the thoracic or the abdominal cavity.

     (vi)   When the lesions are multiple, acute and actively progressive.

     (vii)   When the character or extent of the lesions otherwise is not indicative of a localized condition.

   (2)  Organs or other parts condemned. An organ or other part of a swine, cattle, sheep, or goat carcass affected by localized tuberculosis shall be condemned when it contains lesions of tuberculosis or when the corresponding lymph node contains lesions of tuberculosis.

   (3)  Carcasses of cattle passed without restrictions for human food. Carcasses of cattle may be passed without restriction for human food only when the carcass of an animal not identified as a reactor to a tuberculin test administered by an Animal and Plant Health Service, State or accredited veterinarian is found free of tuberculosis lesions during postmortem inspection. Such testing is conducted in the tuberculosis eradication program of the Animal and Plant Health Service, United States Department of Agriculture.

   (4)  Portions of carcasses and carcasses of cattle passed for cooking. The following provisions shall apply to portions of carcasses and carcasses of cattle passed for cooking:

     (i)   When a cattle carcass reveals a tuberculosis lesion or lesions not so severe or so numerous as the lesions described in paragraph (1), the unaffected portion of the carcass may be passed for cooking in accordance with §  1.217 (relating to rendering products passed for cooking; lard, pork fat, and tallow) if the character and extent of the lesions indicate a localized condition, the lesions are calcified or encapsulated, and the affected organ or other part is condemned.

     (ii)   When the carcass of a cattle identified as a reactor to a tuberculin test administered by an Animal and Plant Health Service, State or accredited veterinarian is found free of lesions or tuberculosis, the carcass may be passed for cooking in accordance with §  1.217.

   (5)  Portions of carcasses and carcasses of swine passed without restriction for human food. Swine carcasses found free of tuberculosis lesions during postmortem inspection may be passed for human food without restriction. When tuberculosis lesions in any swine carcass are localized and confined to one primary seat of infection, such as the cervical lymph nodes, the mesenteric lymph nodes, or the mediastinal lymph nodes, the unaffected portion of the carcass may be passed for human food without restriction after the affected organ or other part is condemned.

   (6)  Portions of carcasses of swine passed for cooking. When the carcass of any swine reveals lesions more severe or more numerous than those described in paragraph (5), but not so severe or so numerous as the lesions described in paragraph (1), the unaffected portions of such carcass may be passed for cooking in accordance with §  1.217 if the character and extent of the lesions indicate a localized condition, the lesions are calcified or encapsulated, and the affected organ or other part is condemned.

   (7)  Carcasses of sheep and goats passed without restriction for human food. Carcasses of sheep and goats may be passed without restriction for human food only if found free of tuberculosis lesions during postmortem inspection.

   (8)  Portions of carcasses of sheep and goats passed for cooking. If a carcass of any sheep or goat reveals a tuberculosis lesion or lesions that are not so severe or so numerous as the lesions described in paragraph (1), the unaffected portion of the carcass may be passed for cooking in accordance with §  1.217 if the character and extent of the lesions indicate a localized condition, the lesions are calcified or encapsulated, and the affected organ or other part is condemned.

   The provisions of this §  1.142 amended August, 25, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 1606. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (2858) and (2859).

 (a)  The carcasses of all hogs affected with hog cholera shall be condemned.

 (b)  Inconclusive but suspicious symptoms of hog cholera observed during the antemortem inspection of a ‘‘Pa. Suspect’’ shall be duly considered in connection with postmortem findings and when the carcass of such a suspect shows lesions in the kidneys and the lymph nodes which resemble lesions of hog cholera, they shall be regarded as those of hog cholera and the carcass shall be condemned.

 (a)  Carcasses of swine, other than hyperimmune swine, if presented for inspection after 28 days following injection with hog cholera virus shall be given postmortem inspection without reference to the injected virus.

 Carcasses affected with swine erysipelas which is acute or generalized or which show systemic change shall be condemned.

 (a)  Carcasses affected with arthritis which is localized and not associated with systemic change may be passed for human food after removal and condemnation of all affected parts. Affected joints with corresponding lymph nodes shall be removed and condemned. In order to avoid contamination of the meat which is passed, a joint capsule shall not be opened until after the affected joint is removed.

 (a)  Carcasses of cattle found on postmortem inspection to be affected with anasarca in advanced stages and characterized by an extensive or well-marked generalized edema shall be condemned.

 (b)  Carcasses of cattle, including their detached organs and other parts, found on postmortem inspection to be affected with anasarca to a lesser extent than as described in subsection (a) may be passed for human food after removal and condemnation of the affected tissues, if the lesion is localized.

 (a)  Carcasses of livestock with generalized lesions of actinomycosis or actinobacillosis (lesions which are distributed in a manner made possible only by entry of the bacilli into the systemic circulation) shall be condemned.

 (b)  Carcasses of livestock in a well-nourished condition showing uncomplicated localized lesions of actinomycosis or actinobacillosis may be passed for human food after the infected organs or other infected parts have been removed and condemned, except as provided in subsections (c) and (d).

 (c)  Heads affected with actinomycosis or actinobacillosis, including the tongue, shall be condemned, except that when the disease of the jaw is slight, strictly localized and without suppuration, fistulous tracts or lymph node involvement, the tongue, if free from disease, may be passed or, when the disease is slight and confined to the lymph nodes, the head including the tongue, may be passed for human food after the affected nodes have been removed and condemned.

 (a)  Carcasses of livestock affected with or showing lesions of any of the following diseases or conditions shall be condemned:

   (1)  Anthrax.

   (2)  Blackleg.

   (3)  Unhealed vaccine lesions (vaccinia).

   (4)  Strangles.

   (5)  Purpura hemorrhagica.

   (6)  Azoturia.

   (7)  Infectious equine encephalomyelitis.

   (8)  Toxic encephalomyelitis (forage poisoning).

   (9)  Infectious anemia (swamp fever).

   (10)  Dourine.

   (11)  Acute influenza.

   (12)  Generalized osteoporosis.

   (13)  Glanders (farcy).

   (14)  Acute inflammatory lameness.

   (15)  Extensive fistula.

 (b)  Carcasses of livestock affected with or showing lesions of any of the following diseases or conditions shall be condemned, except when recovery has occurred to the extent that only localized lesions persist, in which case the carcass may be passed for human food after removal and condemnation of the affected organs or other parts:

   (1)  Anaplasmosis.

   (2)  Bacillary hemoglobinuria in cattle.

   (3)  Babesiosis (piroplasmosis).

   (4)  Bluetongue.

   (5)  Hemorrhagic septicemia.

   (6)  Icterohematuria in sheep.

   (7)  Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

   (8)  Leptospirosis.

   (9)  Malignant epizootic catarrh.

 (a)  An individual organ or other part of a carcass affected with a neoplasm shall be condemned. If there is evidence of metastasis or that the general condition of the animal has been adversely affected by the size, position or nature of the neoplasm, the entire carcass shall be condemned.

 (a)  Carcasses of animals affected with epithelioma of the eye or the orbital region shall be condemned in their entirety if one of the following conditions exists:

   (1)  The affection has involved the osseous structures of the head with extensive infection, suppuration and necrosis.

   (2)  There is metastasis from the eye or the orbital region to any lymph node including the parotid lymph node, internal organs, muscles, skeleton or other structures, regardless of the extent of the primary tumor.

   (3)  The affection, regardless of extent, is associated with cachexia or evidence of absorption or secondary changes.

 (b)  Carcasses of animals affected with epithelioma of the eye or the orbital region to a lesser extent than as described in subsection (a) may be passed for human food after removal and condemnation of the head, including the tongue, if the carcass is otherwise normal.

 (a)  Except as provided in §  1.159 (relating to icterus) carcasses of livestock showing generalized pigmentary deposits shall be condemned.

 (a)  All slight, well-limited abrasions on the tongue and inner surface of the lips and mouth, when without lymph node involvement, shall be carefully excised, leaving only sound, normal tissue, which may be passed for human foods.

 (b)  Any organ or other part of a carcass which is badly bruised or which is affected by an abscess, or a suppurating sore shall be condemned, and when the lesions are of such character or extent as to affect the whole carcass, the whole carcass shall be condemned.

 (a)  All carcasses of animals so infected that consumption of the products thereof may give rise to food poisoning shall be condemned. This includes all carcasses showing signs of the following:

   (1)  Acute inflammation of the lungs, pleura, pericardium, peritoneum or meninges.

   (2)  Septicemia or pyemia, whether puerperal, traumatic or without any evident cause.

   (3)  Gangrenous or severe hemorrhagic enteritis or gastritis.

   (4)  Acute diffuse metritis or mammitis.

   (5)  Phlebitis of the umbilical veins.

   (6)  Septic or purulent traumatic pericarditis.

   (7)  Any acute inflammation, abscess or suppurating sore, if associated with acute nephritis, fatty and degenerated liver, swollen soft spleen, marked pulmonary hyperemia, general swelling of lymph nodes, diffuse redness of the skin, cachexia, icteric discoloration of the carcass or similar condition, either singly or in combination.

   (8)  Salmonellosis.

 (a)  A thin carcass showing well-marked lesions in the viscera and the skeletal lymph nodes, or a thin carcass showing extensive lesions in any part shall be condemned.

 (b)  A thin carcass showing well-marked lesions in the viscera with only slight lesions elsewhere or showing well-marked lesions in the skeletal lymph nodes with only slight lesions elsewhere may be passed for cooking.

 (c)  A thin carcass showing only slight lesions in the skeletal lymph nodes and in the viscera may be passed for human food without restriction.

 (d)  A well-nourished carcass showing well-marked lesions in the viscera and with only slight lesions elsewhere or showing well-marked lesions confined to the skeletal lymph nodes with only slight lesions elsewhere may be passed for human food without restriction.

 (e)  A well-nourished carcass showing well-marked lesions in the viscera and the skeletal lymph nodes may be passed for cooking, but where the lesions in a well-nourished carcass are both numerous and extensive it shall be condemned.

 (f)  All affected organs and nodes of carcasses passed for human food without restriction or passed for cooking shall be removed and condemned.

 (a)  Carcasses showing any degree of icterus shall be condemned.

 (b)  Yellow fat conditions caused by nutritional factors or characteristic of certain breeds of livestock and yellow fat sometimes seen in sheep shall not be confused with icterus. The carcasses should be passed for human food, if otherwise normal.

 (a)  Carcasses of swine which give off a pronounced sexual odor shall be condemned.

 (b)  The meat from carcasses of swine which give off a sexual odor less than pronounced may be passed only for use in cooked comminuted meat food product, or in comminuted meat food product usually eaten without heating, or for rendering. Otherwise, such meat shall be condemned.

 (c)  All carcasses of boars and cryptorchids other than those disposed of under subsections (a) or (b) shall be marked ‘‘Boar’’ at the time of slaughter. Each primal part and bone-in cut from such carcasses, if susceptible of such marking, shall be marked ‘‘Boar’’ prior to being removed from the slaughtering establishment. The immediate container of other bone-in cuts and boneless meat from such carcasses shall be marked ‘‘Boar Meat’’ in addition to complying with the applicable requirements of §  1.243(c) (relating to identity of label—general). Such marks shall be at least 3/4 of an inch high and applied in such a manner so as to be clearly legible.

   The Provisions of this §  1.160 amended October 22, 1971, 1 Pa.B. 2014.

 (a)  Except as provided in subsection (b), carcasses of cattle affected with lesions of cysticercus bovis shall be disposed of as follows:

   (1)  Carcasses of cattle displaying lesions of cysticercus bovis shall be condemned if the infestation is extensive or if the musculature is edematous or discolored. Carcasses shall be considered extensively infested if in addition to finding lesions in at least two of the usual inspection sites, namely the heart, diaphragm and its pillars, muscles of mastication, esophagus, tongue, and musculature exposed during normal dressing operations, they are found in at least two of the sites exposed by an incision made into each round exposing the musculature in cross section, and a transverse incision into each forelimb commencing two or three inches above the point of the olecranon and extended to the humerus.

   (2)  Carcasses of cattle showing one or more tapeworm lesions of cysticercus bovis but not so extensive as indicated in paragraph (1) as determined by a careful examination, including examination of, but not limited to, the heart, diaphragm and its pillars, muscles of mastication, esophagus, tongue, and musculature exposed during normal dressing operations, may be passed for human food after removal and condemnation of the lesions with surrounding tissues. However, the carcasses shall be appropriately identified by retained tags and held in cold storage under positive control of a Program Inspector at a temperature not higher than 15°F continuously for a period of not less than ten days, or in the case of boned meat derived from such carcasses, the meat, when in boxes, tierces, or other containers shall be appropriately identified by retained tags, and held under positive control of a Program Inspector at a temperature of not higher than 15°F continuously for a period of not less than 20 days. As an alternative to retention in cold storage as provided in this paragraph such carcasses and meat may be heated throughout to a temperature of at least 140°F under positive control of a Program Inspector.

 (b)  Edible viscera and offal shall be disposed of in the same manner as the rest of the carcass from which they were derived unless any lesion of cysticercus bovis is found in these byproducts, in which case they shall be condemned.

 (a)  In the disposal of carcasses, edible organs and other parts of carcasses showing evidence of infestation with parasites not transmissible to man, the following requirements shall be complied with unless otherwise provided in this section:

   (1)  If the lesions are localized in such manner and are of such character that the parasites and the lesions can be completely removed, the nonaffected portion of the carcass, organ or other part of the carcass may be passed for human food after the removal and condemnation of the affected portions.

   (2)  If an organ or other part of a carcass shows numerous lesions caused by parasites, or if the character of the infestation is such that complete extirpation of the parasitic infestation or invasion renders the part in any way unfit for human food, the affected part shall be condemned.

   (3)  If parasites are found to be distributed in a carcass in such a manner or to be of such character that their removal and the removal of the lesions caused by them is impracticable; no part of the carcass shall be passed for human food. If the infestation is excessive, the carcass shall be condemned. If the infestation is moderate, the carcass may be passed for cooking, but if such carcass is not cooked as required in §  1.217 (relating to rendering products passed for cooking; lard, pork fat and tallow), it shall be condemned.

 (b)  Carcasses found infested with gid bladder-worms (coenurus cerebralis, multiceps multiceps) may be passed for human food after condemnation of the affected organ (brain or spinal cord).

 (c)  Organs or other parts of carcasses infested with hydatid cysts (echinococcus) shall be condemned.

 (a)  Carcasses of livestock too emaciated to produce wholesome meat, and carcasses which show a serious infiltration of muscle tissues or a serous or mucoid degeneration of the fatty tissue shall be condemned.

 Carcasses of young calves, pigs, kids and lambs are unwholesome and shall be condemned if:

   (1)  the meat has the appearance of being watersoaked, is loose, flabby, tears easily, and can be perforated with the fingers;

   (2)  its color is grayish-red;

   (3)  good muscular development as a whole is lacking, especially noticeable on the upper shank of the leg where small amounts of serous infiltrates or small edematous patches are sometimes present between the muscles; or

 (a)  Livers affected with carotenosis shall be condemned.

 (b)  Cattle livers and calf livers showing the conditions sometimes designated as ‘‘telangiectatic,’’ ‘‘sawdust’’ or ‘‘spotted’’ shall be disposed of as follows:

   (1)  When any or all of the conditions are slight in the organ the whole organ shall be passed for human food without restriction.

   (2)  When any or all of the conditions are more severe than slight and involve less than one half of the organ, while in the remainder of the organ the conditions are slight or nonexistent, the remainder shall be passed for human food without restriction and the other portion shall be condemned.

   (3)  When any or all of the conditions are more severe than slight and involve one-half or more of the organ, the whole organ shall be condemned.

 (c)  The divisions of an organ into two parts for disposition as contemplated in subsection (b) of this section shall be accomplished by one cut through the organ. This shall not prohibit incisions which are necessary for inspection.

 (a)  Any carcass affected with vesicular disease shall be condemned if the condition is acute and if the extent of the condition is such that it affects the entire carcass or there is evidence of absorption or secondary change.

 (b)  Any carcass affected with vesicular disease to a lesser extent than as described in subsection (a) may be passed for human food after removal and condemnation of the affected parts, if the carcass is otherwise healthy.

 (a)  If muscular lesions are found to be distributed in such a manner or to be of such character that removal is impractical the carcass shall be condemned.

 (b)  If muscular lesions are found to be distributed in such a manner or to be of such character that removal is practical, the following provisions shall govern the disposal of the carcasses, edible organs and other parts of carcasses showing such lesions:

   (1)  If the lesions are localized in such a manner and are of such a character that the affected tissues can be removed, the nonaffected parts of the carcass may be passed for human food after the removal and condemnation of the affected portion.

   (2)  If a part of the carcass shows numerous lesions or if the character of the lesion is such that complete extirpation is difficult and uncertainly accomplished or if the lesion renders the part in any way unfit for human food the part shall be condemned.

 (a)  Carcasses which are affected with generalized coccidiodal granuloma or which show systemic changes because of such diseases shall be condemned.

 (a)  Carcasses which give off a pronounced odor of medicinal, chemical or other foreign substance shall be condemned.

 (b)  Carcasses which give off a pronounced urine odor shall be condemned.

 Carcasses, organs or other parts of carcasses of livestock shall be condemned if it is determined that they are adulterated because of the presence of any biological residues.