Subchapter A. SAMPLING AND TESTING METHODS
AND PROCEDURES

§ 139.1. Sampling facilities.

 Upon the request of the Department, the person responsible for a source shall provide adequate sampling ports, safe sampling platforms and adequate utilities for the performance by the Department of tests on the source. The Department will set forth, in the request, the time period within which the facilities shall be provided, as well as the specifications for the facilities.

   The provisions of this §  139.1 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383.

 Sampling and testing done by persons other than the Department may be accepted by the Department, provided that:

   (1)  The Department has been given reasonable notice of the sampling and testing and has been given reasonable opportunity to observe and participate in the sampling and testing.

   (2)  The sampling and testing is conducted under the direct supervision of persons qualified, by training and experience, to conduct the sampling and testing.

   (3)  Procedures for the sampling and testing are in accord with the provisions of this chapter.

   (4)  The reports of the sampling and testing are accurate and comprehensive.

   The provisions of this §  139.2 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383.

 (a)  The Department will use the methods set forth in this chapter to assess emissions from stationary sources or ambient levels of air contaminants.

 (b)  The Department has published a supplement to this chapter entitled ‘‘Source Testing Manual.’’ This supplement contains detailed information on source test methods, procedures and guidance for the reporting of emissions to the Department. This supplement is available from the Department by request.

 (c)  The performance standards for stationary sources set forth in this chapter permit freedom in the selection of equipment and consistency in obtaining accurate results which are representative of the conditions under which a source is evaluated.

 (d)  The sampling and analytical procedures employed to measure ambient levels of air contaminants shall be consistent with obtaining accurate results which are representative of the conditions being evaluated.

   The provisions of this §  139.3 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383, amended April 27, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1447; corrected May 11, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1534. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (35404).

 The references referred to in this chapter are as follows:

   (1)  Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources, 40 CFR Chapter I, Part 60, Appendix A, Current Edition, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328.

   (2)  National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, 40 CFR, Chapter I, Part 61, Appendix B, Current Edition, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328.

   (3)  Requirements for Preparation, Adoption, and Submittal of Implementation Plans, 40 CFR, Chapter I, Part 51, Appendix M, Current Edition, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328.

   (4)  Standards for the Management of Specific Hazardous Wastes and Specific Types of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities, 40 CFR, Chapter I, Part 266, Appendix IX, Current Edition, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328.

   (5)  Source Testing Manual, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Quality, Post Office Box 8468, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105-8468, including future revisions as noted in §  139.5(b) (relating to revisions to the source testing manual and continuous source monitoring manual).

   (6)  Recommended Standard Method for Continuing Dust Fall Survey (APM-1, Revision 1) PR-2 Air Pollution Measurement Commission, J. Air Assoc., 16:372 (1966).

   (7)  Air Pollution Measurements of the National Air Sampling Network: Analyses of Suspended Particulates 1957-1961, Public Health Service Pub. No. 978, Washington, D.C., 1962.

   (8)  Interbranch Chemical Advisory Committee, Selected Methods for the Measurement of Air Pollutants, PHS Pub. No. 999-AP-11, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1965, page I-1.

   (9)  Standard Method of Test for Inorganic Fluoride in the Atmosphere, ASTM Standards on Methods of Atmospheric Sampling and Analyses, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1962, page 67.

   (10)  Standard Method of Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum Products, American Society for Testing Materials, D 270-80, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.

   (11)  Standard Method of Test for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), American Society for Testing Materials, D 445-79, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.

   (12)  Standard Method of Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method), American Society for Testing Materials, D 1266-80, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.

   (13)  Standard Method of Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by the Bomb Method, American Society for Testing Materials, D 129-78, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.

   (14)  Standard Method of Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High Temperature Method), American Society for Testing Materials, D 1552-79, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.

   (15)  Standard Method of Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (X-Ray Spectrographic Method), American Society for Testing Materials, D 2622-77, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.

   (16)  Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th Ed., Organic Carbon (total), Combustion-Infrared Method, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.

   (17)  Jacobs, M. B. et al., Ultramicrodetermination of Sulfides in Air, Anal. Chem., 29:1949 (1957).

   (18)  ‘‘Sampling procedures for fuel volatility,’’ 40 CFR Part 80, Appendix D (relating to sampling procedures for fuel volatility).

   (19)  ‘‘Tests for Determining Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends,’’ 40 CFR Part 80, Appendix E (relating to test for determining Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends).

   The provisions of this §  139.4 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383; amended April 27, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1447; corrected May 11, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1534; amended June 19, 1981, effective June 20, 1981, 11 Pa.B. 2118; amended August 12, 1983, effective August 13, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2478; amended May 6, 1988, effective May 7, 1988, 18 Pa.B. 2098; amended May 6, 1988, effective May 7, 1988, 18 Pa.B. 2102; amended November 25, 1994, effective November 26, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 5899; amended October 31, 1997, effective November 1, 1997, 27 Pa.B. 5601; amended October 1, 1999, effective October 2, 1999, 29 Pa.B. 5089; amended June 9, 2000, effective June 10, 2000, 30 Pa.B. 2995. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (260541) to (260543).

 (a)  This section describes the procedure that the Department will follow to update and revise the ‘‘Source Testing Manual’’ referred to in §  139.4(5) (relating to references) and the ‘‘Continuous Source Monitoring Manual’’ referred to in §  139.102(3) (relating to references).

 (b)  The Department will provide notice of proposed revisions to the ‘‘Source Testing Manual’’ and the ‘‘Continuous Source Monitoring Manual’’ in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. The notice will describe the proposed revisions and provide the name, address and telephone number of the person from whom the text of the proposed revisions can be obtained.

 (c)  The Department will provide an opportunity for comments on the proposed revisions. The comment period will be at least 30 days from the date of the publication of the notice required by subsection (b).

 (d)  After the public comment period, the Department will evaluate the comments and finalize the changes to the ‘‘Source Testing Manual’’ and the ‘‘Continuous Source Monitoring Manual.’’

 (e)  The Department will provide notice of the revisions to the ‘‘Source Testing Manual’’ and the ‘‘Continuous Source Monitoring Manual’’ in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. The notice will describe the revisions and provide the name, address and telephone number of the person from whom the revised manual can be obtained.

 (f)  A person proposing test methods, procedures and guidance for the reporting of emissions different from those contained in the ‘‘Source Testing Manual’’ and the ‘‘Continuous Source Monitoring Manual’’ shall have the burden of proof to demonstrate that test methods, procedures and guidance accurately characterize the emissions from the source.

   The provisions of this §  139.5 adopted November 25, 1994, effective November 26, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 5899.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  139.4 (relating to references).

STATIONARY SOURCES

§ 139.11. General requirements.

 The following provisions are applicable to source tests for determining emissions from stationary sources:

   (1)  Performance tests shall be conducted while the source is operating at maximum routine operating conditions or under such other conditions, within the capacity of the equipment, as may be requested by the Department.

   (2)  The Department will consider test results for approval where sufficient information is provided to verify the source conditions existing at the time of the test and where adequate data is available to show the manner in which the test was conducted. Information submitted to the Department shall include, as a minimum, all of the following:

     (i)   A thorough source description, including a description of air cleaning devices and the flue.

     (ii)   Process conditions, for example, the charging rate of raw material or rate of production of final product, boiler pressure, oven temperature and other conditions which may affect emissions from the process.

     (iii)   The location of the sampling ports.

     (iv)   Effluent characteristics, including velocity, temperature, moisture content, gas density (percentage of CO, CO₂, O₂ and N₂), static and barometric pressures.

     (v)   Sample collection techniques employed, including procedures used, equipment descriptions and data to verify that isokinetic sampling for particulate matter collection occurred and that acceptable test conditions were met.

     (vi)   Laboratory procedures and results.

     (vii)   Calculated results.

   The provisions of this §  139.4 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383.

 Tests for determining emissions of particulate matter from stationary sources shall conform with the following:

   (1)  Test methods for particulate emissions shall include dry filters and provide for at least a 95% collection efficiency of particulate matter.

   (2)  Isokinetic sampling procedures shall be used in sampling for particulate matter emissions and the weight determined gravimetrically after the removal of uncombined water.

   (3)  Test methods and procedures shall be equivalent to those specified in §  139.4(5) (relating to references). The equipment shall be inert where appropriate and similar to that specified in §  139.4(1).

   (4)  The minimum sampling time shall be 1 hour or as specified in an applicable standard or by the Department and the minimum sample volume shall be 50 cubic feet or as specified in an applicable standard or by the Department, corrected to standard conditions (dry basis).

   (5)  Results shall be calculated based upon sample train component weights specified in §  139.4(5). Results shall be reported as pounds of particulate matter per hour and in accordance with the units specified in § §  123.11—123.13 (relating to particulate matter emissions).

   The provisions of this §  139.12 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383; amended June 22, 1979, effective July 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 2150; corrected June 29, 1979, effective July 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 2150; amended November 25, 1994, effective November 26, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 5899; amended December 26, 1997, effective December 27, 1997, 27 Pa.B. 6804; amended May 1, 1998, effective March 7, 1998, 28 Pa.B. 2035. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (239781).

 The following are applicable to tests for determining emissions of SO₂, H₂S, TRS and NO₂ from stationary sources:

   (1)  Test methods and procedures for sulfur oxides shall be equivalent to or modified to produce results equivalent to those which would be obtained by employing the procedures specified in §  139.4(5) (relating to references). Test methods and procedures for SO₂ from combustion sources shall be equivalent to or modified to produce results equivalent to those which would be obtained by employing procedures specified in §  139.4(5). Details for sampling equipment are contained in §  139.4(1) or (5).

   (2)  Test methods and procedures for HS shall be equivalent to or modified to produce results equivalent to those obtained by employing the procedures specified in §  139.4(5). The equipment shall be inert where appropriate and similar to that specified in §  139.4(1) or (5).

   (3)  Test methods and procedures for TRS shall be equivalent to or modified to produce results equivalent to those obtained by employing the procedures specified in §  139.4(5). The equipment shall be inert when appropriate and similar to that specified in §  139.4(1).

   (4)  For determination of emissions of TRS using EPA Method 16, a minimum of 16 injects per test run shall be analyzed. Each test run shall be over a period of at least 3 hours but not more than 6 hours. For determination of TRS emissions using EPA Method 16A, a test run shall consist of either one 3-hour sample or three 60-minute samples. Three test runs constitute a determination for purposes of both EPA Methods.

   (5)  Test methods and procedures and equipment for NO shall be similar to those specified in §  139.4(1) and (5).

   (6)  For determining emissions of SO₂ and H₂S, the minimum sampling time shall be 1 hour and the minimum sample volume shall be 30 cubic feet corrected to standard conditions—dry basis.

   The provisions of this §  139.13 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383; amended April 27, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1447; corrected May 11, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1534; amended June 19, 1981, effective June 20, 1981, 11 Pa.B. 2132; amended August 12, 1983, effective August 13, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2478; amended May 6, 1988, effective May 7, 1988, 18 Pa.B. 2102; amended November 25, 1994, effective November 26, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 5899. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (128483) to (128484) and (170287).

 (a)  The following are applicable to tests for determining volatile organic content:

   (1)  Test methods and procedures for the total volatiles content, solids content, exempt solvent content, water content and density of surface coatings shall be equivalent to those specified in §  139.4(1) and (5) (relating to references).

   (2)  Test methods and procedures for VOCs in effluent water shall be equivalent to those specified in §  139.4(16), expressed as pentane.

   (3)  For determining the solvent content of wastes in dry cleaning facilities, test methods and procedures shall be equivalent to those specified in §  139.4(17).

   (4)  Results shall be reported in accordance with the units specified in the appropriate section of Chapter 129 (relating to standards for sources).

 (b)  The following are applicable to tests for determining the emissions of VOCs:

   (1)  Test methods for VOC emissions shall use a technique having at least a 95% collection efficiency for VOCs.

   (2)  Except for those sources or systems specified in this subsection, the test methods and procedures and equipment for VOCs, excluding carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane shall be equivalent to those specified in EPA Method 25 or as specified in §  139.4(5). The owner or operator of a source may exclude ethane from the VOC measurement. If ethane is excluded, the measurement of ethane shall be reported separately.

   (3)  For gasoline vapor recovery systems, test methods and procedures and equipment for VOCs shall be equivalent to those specified in EPA Method 25B or as specified in §  139.4(5).

   (4)  For determining the magnitude of VOC leaks from petroleum refinery equipment, from synthetic organic chemical and polymer manufacturing equipment and from surface active agent manufacturing equipment, test methods and procedures shall be equivalent to those specified in EPA Method 21 or as specified in §  139.4(5). The owner or operator of a source may exclude methane and ethane from this measurement. If methane and ethane are excluded, the measurement of methane and ethane together shall be reported.

   (5)  For determining the VOC leak tightness of truck tanks, test methods and procedures shall be equivalent to those specified in EPA Method 27 or as specified in §  139.4(5).

   (6)  For determining the magnitude of VOC leaks from gasoline tank trucks and vapor collection systems, test methods and procedures shall be equivalent to those specified in EPA Method 21 or as specified in §  139.4(5).

   (7)  Results shall be reported in accordance with the units specified in the appropriate section of Chapter 129.

   (8)  Test methods for the determination of RVP in gasoline shall be in accordance with the procedures in 40 CFR Part 80, Appendix E (relating to test for determining Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends).

   The provisions of this §  139.14 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383; amended April 27, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1447; corrected May 11, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1534; amended June 19, 1981, effective June 20, 1981, 11 Pa.B. 2118; amended August 12, 1983, effective August 13, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2478; amended August 24, 1984, effective March 24, 1984, 14 Pa.B. 3090; amended May 6, 1988, effective May 7, 1988, 18 Pa.B. 2098; amended November 25, 1994, effective November 26, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 5899; amended October 31, 1997, effective November 1, 1997, 27 Pa.B. 5601; amended June 9, 2000, effective June 10, 2000, 30 Pa.B. 2995. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (244316) and (237321) to (237322).

 Test methods and procedures may be modified for determining emissions of contaminants other than particulate matter, SO₂,H₂S, total reduced sulfur (TRS) and NO₂ from stationary sources in a manner consistent with accepted air pollution testing practices and with obtaining accurate results which are representative of the conditions evaluated. The modifications shall be subject to the approval of the Department and shall be clearly indicated in the report of test results.

   The provisions of this §  139.15 adopted April 27, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1447; corrected April 27, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1534; amended May 6, 1988, effective May 7, 1988, 18 Pa.B. 2102. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (92837).

 The following are applicable to tests for the analysis of commercial fuel oil:

   (1)  The fuel oil sample for chemical analysis shall be collected in a manner that provides a representative sample. Upon the request of a Department official, the person responsible for the operation of the source shall collect the sample employing the procedures and equipment specified in §  139.4(10) (relating to references).

   (2)  Test methods and procedures for the determination of viscosity shall be that specified in §  139.4(11). The viscosity shall be determined at 100°F.

   (3)  Tests methods and procedures for the determination of sulfur shall be those specified in §  139.4(12)—(15).

   (4)  Results shall be reported in accordance with the units specified in §  123.22 (relating to combustion units).

   The provisions of this §  139.16 adopted April 27, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1447; corrected May 11, 1979, effective August 1, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 1534; amended August 12, 1983, effective August 13, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2478. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (62542) and (62543).

 The following are applicable to source tests for determining alternative opacity limitations under §  123.45 (relating to alternative opacity limitations).

   (1)  A series of three consecutive performance tests shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of § §  139.1—139.4, 139.11 and 139.12. The time period from the beginning of the first test to the end of the third test may not exceed 8 hours.

   (2)  The opacity of emissions, as determined in accordance with the measurement technique specified in §  123.45 (relating to alternative opacity limitations), shall be recorded for the entire time period from the beginning of the first performance test to the end of the third performance test.

   (3)  If continuous opacity monitoring equipment is required, it shall be installed, operated and maintained in accordance with Subchapter C (relating to requirements for source monitoring for stationary sources).

   (4)  If continuous opacity monitoring equipment is not required, visual observation of opacity shall be conducted by the source owner or operator in accordance with the procedures in Appendix A, Method 9 of §  139.102(1) (relating to references).

   (5)  Prior to the first performance test, the results of opacity measurements obtained in accordance with the technique specified in §  123.45 will be compared to the results of visual observations conducted by the Department in accordance with Appendix A, Method 9 of §  139.102(1).

     (i)   A series of 60 consecutive observations will be conducted by the Department observer at intervals of 15 seconds. The results will be reduced to fifteen 1-minute averages.

     (ii)   The opacity measurements obtained by the techniques specified in §  123.45 for the same time period will be reduced to fifteen 1-minute averages corresponding to those calculated in subparagraph (i).

     (iii)   If any of the 1-minute averages as calculated in subparagraph (ii) differ by more than 15% opacity from the corresponding 1-minute average as calculated in subparagraph (i), the cause shall be determined and the comparison repeated after appropriate adjustments have been made but before commencement of the first performance test.

     (iv)   If the average of the absolute values of the differences between the 1-minute averages as calculated in subparagraph (ii) and the corresponding 1-minute averages as calculated in subparagraph (i) is greater than 7.5% opacity, the cause shall be determined and the comparison repeated after appropriate adjustments have been made but before commencement of the first performance test.

   The provisions of this §  139.17 adopted June 19, 1981, effective June 20, 1981, 11 Pa.B. 2132.

 (a)  The results of opacity measurements obtained by the technique specified in §  123.45 (relating to alternative opacity limitations) for the entire time period from the beginning of the first performance test to the end of the third performance test will be reduced to 1-minute averages.

 (b)  The 1-minute averages which correspond to each of the three performance tests will be used for calculation of the alternative opacity limits and treated as if they represented contiguous data.

 (c)  The highest 1-minute average as determined in subsection (b) is the alternative opacity limitation not to be exceeded at any time.

 (d)  The median value of the 1-minute averages as determined in subsection (b) is determined.

 (e)  One-minute averages equal to or less than the median value calculated in subsection (d) will be eliminated from calculations in subsections (f) and (g).

 (f)  The mean and modified 95% confidence interval shall be calculated for the remaining 1-minute averages as follows:

   Xi=individual 1-minute average
n=number of individual 1-minute average (after elimination of averages less than or equal to the median value)
C.I._m=modified 95% confidence interval

 (g)  The alternative opacity limitation not to be exceeded more than 3 minutes in any 1 hour shall be equal to the sum of the mean and the modified 95% confidence interval as calculated in subsection (f) (X + C.I._m,truncated to an integer % opacity.

 (h)  An hourly average opacity limitation not to be exceeded at any time will be calculated as follows:

   (1)  The 1-minute averages as determined in subsection (b) will be grouped in discrete hourly time periods starting with the beginning of the first performance test.

   (2)  A remaining 1-minute averages constituting less than a full hourly time period will be eliminated from calculations in paragraphs (3) and (4).

   (3)  The mean for each hourly time period will be calculated as follows:

where: X = mean
Xi=individual 1-minute average

   (4)  The hourly average opacity limitation not to be exceeded at any time shall be equal to the highest mean as calculated in paragraph (3) truncated to the nearest integer % opacity.

   The provisions of this §  139.18 adopted June 19, 1981, effective June 20, 1981, 11 Pa.B. 2132.

   The provisions of this §  139.21 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383; reserved August 12, 1983, effective August 13, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2478. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (62546).

AMBIENT LEVELS OF AIR CONTAMINANTS

§ 139.31. General.

 Sections 139.32 and 139.33 (relating to sampling and analytical procedures; and incorporation of Federal procedures) are applicable to methods for determining ambient levels of air contaminants.

 (a)  Sampling and analytical techniques which may be used directly or employed as reference standards against which other methods may be calibrated shall be as follows:

 (b)  The numbers following the reference standards in subsection (a) refer to the references contained in §  139.4 (relating to references).

   The provisions of this §  139.32 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383; amended November 25, 1994, effective November 26, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 5899; amended September 4, 1998, effective September 5, 1998, 28 Pa.B. 4525. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (239783) to (239784).

 Sampling and analytical procedures promulgated by the Administrator of the EPA under the Clean Air Act are hereby incorporated, by reference, as part of the techniques listed in §  139.32(a) (relating to sampling and analytical procedures).

   The provisions of this §  139.33 adopted March 3, 1972, effective March 20, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 383.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  139.31 (relating to general).