§ 288.1. Scope.

 (a)  This chapter sets forth application and operating requirements for residual waste landfills. The requirements in this chapter are in addition to the applicable requirements in Chapter 287 (relating to residual waste management—general provisions).

 (b)  This chapter applies to three kinds of residual waste landfills.

   (1)  Class I residual waste landfills involve the disposal of residual wastes with the greatest degree of potential for adverse effects on groundwater and the greatest potential impact on public health, safety and the environment.

   (2)  Class II residual waste landfills involve the disposal of residual waste with an intermediate degree of potential for adverse effects on groundwater and an intermediate degree of potential impact on public health, safety and the environment.

   (3)  Class III residual waste landfills involve the disposal of residual wastes with the least degree of potential for adverse effects on groundwater and the least potential impact on public health, safety and the environment.

Subchapter B. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

TWO PHASE PROCESS

Sec.

§ 288.101. Two phase process.

 A person or municipality may submit an application for a permit to operate a residual waste landfill in two phases, known as Phase I and Phase II, under this subchapter. Approval by the Department of a Phase I application does not constitute or guarantee approval for the Phase II permit application, issuance of the permit or authority to operate a residual waste landfill.

PHASE I APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—GENERAL

§ 288.111. Basic requirements.

 The Phase I application shall comply with the following:

   (1)  Sections 288.112, 288.113 and 288.121—288.127 (relating to facility plan; maps and related information; and Phase I application requirements—site analysis).

   (2)  Chapter 287, Subchapter C (relating to general requirements for permits and permit applications).

 An application to operate a residual waste landfill shall contain conceptual drawings and a narrative describing the following:

   (1)  The general operational concept for the proposed facility, including the origin, composition and weight or volume of solid waste that is proposed to be disposed of at the facility, the type of liner system, the proposed capacity of the facility, the expected life of the facility and the size, sequence and timing of solid waste disposal operations at the facility.

   (2)  A detailed description of the volume of soil needed to construct and operate the facility and the method by which the soil will be delivered. The description will include the number of trucks, the access roads they will use, delivery times and any other information relevant to assessing the impacts of the operation.

   Constitutionality

   The Environmental Quality Board’s regulations adopting a Harms/Benefits Test as part of the permitting process for waste disposal facilities does not exceed the Commonwealth’s police power; a determination of a project’s inherent harms and benefits is reasonably necessary in order to determine whether a potentially dangerous project should be granted a permit in a heavily regulated industry. Eagle Environmental II, L. P. v. Department of Environmental Protection, 884 A.2d 867, 883 (Pa. 2005).

   The provisions of this §  288.112 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226596).

 (a)  An application shall contain a topographic map, on a scale of 1 inch equals no more than 200 feet with 10-foot maximum contour intervals. The Department may, in writing, approve the use of a different horizontal scale. The application shall include the map and necessary narrative descriptions, which show the following:

   (1)  The boundaries and names of the present owners of record of land, both surface and subsurface, including easements, rights-of-way and other property interests, for the proposed permit area and adjacent area; and a description of title, deed or usage restrictions affecting the proposed permit area.

   (2)  The boundaries of the land to be affected during the estimated total life of the proposed operation, including the boundaries of areas that will be affected in each sequence of landfilling activity and boundaries of areas that will be used for impoundments.

   (3)  The location of the areas on and off the permit area which are proposed to be excavated to obtain earthen material for the construction of the facility, for cover material, for the liner system and for other construction purposes.

   (4)  The location and name of public and private water sources within 1/2 mile of the proposed facility. If more than 50 wells are located within the 1/2-mile radius, the applicant may identify only the closest wells in each direction and generally describe the location and number of wells further away.

   (5)  The location, name and elevation of surface water bodies, such as springs, streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands, constructed or natural drains, and irrigation ditches within 1/4 mile of the proposed facility.

   (6)  The location of active and inactive gas and oil wells, active and inactive surface and underground coal and noncoal mines, coal seams to a depth of 500 feet, mine spoil piles, dumps, dams, embankments and mine pool discharge points within 1/4 mile of the proposed facility.

   (7)  The location of rights-of-way for high-tension power lines, pipelines, railroads and public and private roads within 1/4 mile of the proposed facility.

   (8)  The location of buildings in use within 1/4 mile of the proposed facility.

   (9)  If solid waste disposal or processing has previously taken place within 1/4 mile of the proposed facility, the names of the owners or operators, or both, of the facility, the type of solid waste processed or disposed and if applicable, cross sections indicating the interface details between areas previously filled and areas to be filled.

   (10)  The anticipated location of water quality monitoring points.

   (11)  The boundaries of land within the proposed permit area and adjacent areas identified in §  288.422, §  288.522 or §  288.622 (relating to areas where Class I residual waste landfills are prohibited; areas where Class II residual waste landfills are prohibited; and areas where Class III residual waste landfills are prohibited), whichever is applicable.

   (12)  The elevation and location of test borings and core sampling taken under §  288.122 (relating to geology and groundwater description), and the location of test pits or excavations taken under §  288.124 (relating to soil description).

   (13)  The municipalities in which the permit area is proposed to be located.

   (14)  The location of sinkholes, fractures, fracture traces, outcrops, lineaments and mine pools in the proposed permit area and adjacent area.

   (15)  The location of water discharges into a surface body of water in the proposed permit area and adjacent area.

   (16)  The location of 100-year floodplain boundaries in the proposed permit area and adjacent area.

 (b)  An application shall contain a topographic map showing the location and name of public water sources within 3 miles downstream or downgradient from the proposed facility, and the boundary of the proposed permit area. The map shall be on a scale of 1 inch equals no more than 2,000 feet with 20-foot contour intervals, including necessary narrative descriptions.

   The provisions of this §  288.113 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226596) to (226598).

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.111 (relating to basic requirements).

PHASE I APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—SITE ANALYSIS

§ 288.121. Description of geology, soils and hydrology; general
requirements.

 In preparing the soils, geology and hydrology descriptions required by this section and § §  288.122—288.127 the applicant shall include information about the proposed permit area and the adjacent area. Plans and cross sections submitted to comply with this section and § §  288.122—-288.127 shall be on a scale satisfactory to the Department. The map shall be on a scale of 1 inch equals no more than 200 feet, with contour intervals at a maximum of 10 feet. Maps and cross sections submitted for a particular application shall be of the same or easily compared scales.

   The provisions of this §  288.121 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226598).

 (a)  An application shall contain a description of the geology and groundwater in the proposed permit area and adjacent area down to and including the lowest aquifer that may be affected by the facility, including the following:

   (1)  The results of a sufficient number of test borings and core borings to accurately characterize geology, soils, groundwater flow, groundwater chemistry and flow systems of the proposed permit area and adjacent area, which shall be at least three test borings. At least one test boring shall be a core boring. The applicant shall include the actual surface elevations of the drill holes.

   (2)  The stratigraphy, lithologic, physical characteristics and thickness of each stratum, including the location and depth of aquifers.

   (3)  The hydrologic characteristics of each aquifer described in paragraph (2), including field test data for hydraulic conductivity, storage coefficient and transmissivity, groundwater hydraulic gradient and velocity. The description of these characteristics shall be based on multiple well aquifer tests. Alternative techniques approved by the Department may be employed when multiple well aquifer tests are not feasible. The application shall include the procedures and calculations used to determine these characteristics.

   (4)  The geologic structure within the proposed permit area and adjacent area, and its relation to the regional geological structure.

   (5)  The uses of each aquifer.

   (6)  The aquifer characteristics necessary to accurately describe three dimensional groundwater flow through the proposed permit area and adjacent area, including storage and discharge characteristics.

   (7)  The extent of coal and noncoal mineral deposits and mines within the proposed permit area, as required by §  288.127 (relating to mineral deposits information).

   (8)  Well head protection areas in accordance with §  109.1 (relating to definitions) that may be impacted by the facility.

   (9)  A groundwater contour map based upon the highest groundwater level recorded monthly in each boring for the previous year. The Department may require more frequent measurements after significant precipitation events.

 (b)  A boring or coring not cased and capped and not to be used for groundwater monitoring shall be grouted shut or otherwise sealed in a manner approved by the Department.

   The provisions of this §  288.122 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226598) to (226599).

 (a)  An application shall contain a description of the chemical characteristics of each aquifer in the proposed permit area and adjacent area, based on at least two quarters, one of which shall include the season of highest local groundwater levels. This description shall be based on quarterly sampling and analysis from each monitoring well for the following parameters:

   (1)  Ammonia-nitrogen, bicarbonate, calcium, chloride, chemical oxygen demand, fluoride, nitrate-nitrogen, pH, specific conductance, sulfate, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, turbidity, iron, manganese, potassium and sodium.

   (2)  Groundwater elevations in monitoring wells recorded as a distance from the elevation at the well head referenced to mean sea level based on United States Geological Survey datum.

   (3)  Total and dissolved concentrations of each of the following:  arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, mercury, selenium, silver and zinc.

   (4)  Tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethene (cis and transisomers), vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, methylene chloride, toluene, ethylbenzene, benzene and xylene.

   (5)  Other constituents contained in the waste that may leach into the environment, as determined under §  287.132 (relating to chemical analysis of waste).

 (b)  For residual waste landfills permitted by the Department after July 4, 1992, 1 year of data consistent with this section shall be taken prior to the disposal or storage of waste at the facility. If the facility is to be permitted under § §  287.111 and 287.113 (relating to notice by impoundments and unpermitted processing or disposal facilities; and permitting procedure for unpermitted processing or disposal facilities), the 1 year of data shall be taken prior to the issuance of the permit.

 (c)  Monitoring wells under this section shall be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with § §  288.251—288.253 (relating to general requirements; number, location and depth of monitoring points; and standards for casing of wells). Sampling and analysis shall be conducted in accordance with a plan approved by the Department under §  288.152(b) (relating to water quality monitoring plan).

   The provisions of this §  288.123 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226599) to (226600).

 (a)  An application for a Class I or Class II landfill shall contain:

   (1)  The depth to the seasonal high water table within the proposed permit area and adjacent area to demonstrate that the seasonal high water table will not be in contact with the liner system.

   (2)  A description of the soils to be used for daily, intermediate and final cover, and facility construction, including chemical description, texture, laboratory particle size analyses and quantity. Cross sections of the borrow pits within the proposed permit area shall be included.

 (b)  An application for a Class III landfill shall contain:

   (1)  A description of the soils within the proposed permit area and adjacent area down to the bedrock, including for each soil horizon, depth, matrix color, texture, structure, consistency, degree of mottling, mottling colors and laboratory particle size analyses.

   (2)  The depth to the seasonal high water table within the proposed permit area and adjacent area to demonstrate that the seasonal high water table will not be in contact with the liner system.

   (3)  A description of the soils to be used for daily, intermediate and final cover, attenuating soil base and facility construction, including texture, chemical description, laboratory particle size analyses and quantity. Cross sections of the borrow pits within the proposed permit area shall be included.

 (c)  In preparing the description of soils and elevations, the applicant shall do the following:

   (1)  Base the description on a sufficient number of pits, excavations and samples to allow an accurate characterization of the soils in the proposed permit area and adjacent area and each onsite and offsite borrow area.

   (2)  Use the following soil classification systems:

     (i)   For daily, intermediate and final cover, and for attenuating soil, if applicable, the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Classification System.

     (ii)   For the liner system, site construction and other noncover uses, the Unified Soil Classification System.

   (3)  Conduct required laboratory particle size analysis according to ASTM D422 (Standard Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils) or another analytical method approved in writing by the Department prior to the analyses.

   The provisions of this §  288.124 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226600) to (226601).

 (a)  An application shall contain a description of surface waters in the proposed permit area and adjacent areas including the following:

   (1)  A description of the watershed in which the proposed permit area is located and other watersheds which may be affected by the proposed facility.

   (2)  Surface elevations and rates of flow of streams, springs, seeps and mine discharges in the proposed permit area and adjacent area.

   (3)  A description of the quality of surface waters which will receive flows from surface water or groundwater from the proposed permit area, including laboratory analyses of samples.

   (4)  A description of the instream macro-invertebrate community in surface waters above and below the proposed permit area.

 (b)  The surface water information submitted to the Department shall be based on a sufficient number of observations, calculations, weir or flow meter readings and sample analyses to allow an accurate characterization of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the surface waters. Chemical parameters analyzed, at a minimum, shall be those required under §  288.254 (relating to sampling and analysis).

 (a)  The applicant shall determine whether the proposed facility is within the groundwater recharge area for a public or private water supply. The applicant shall delineate the position of the proposed permit area within relevant groundwater flow systems. The applicant shall identify public and private water supplies which may potentially be adversely affected by groundwater flow associated with the proposed facility.

 (b)  For water supplies which may be adversely affected by the proposed facility, the applicant shall submit a detailed hydrogeologic study addressing the potential effect of the proposed facility on the water supplies.

 (c)  For water supplies which the hydrogeologic study required under subsection (b) indicates may be adversely affected by the proposed facility, the applicant shall demonstrate the following:

   (1)  The hydrogeologic characteristics of the proposed permit area and adjacent area assure that implementation of the applicant’s groundwater monitoring plan will protect water supplies from adverse effects from the facility.

   (2)  The feasibility of permanently replacing or restoring the water supply to like quantity and quality with the existing supply and at no additional cost to the owner. A description of the means to restore or replace the water supply shall also be provided.

 (a)  If the proposed permit area and adjacent area overlie existing workings of an underground mine, the applicant shall submit sufficient information to evaluate the potential for mine subsidence damage to the facility, including the following:

   (1)  Maps and plans showing previous mining operations underlying the proposed facility.

   (2)  An investigation, with supporting documentation, by a registered professional engineer with geotechnical expertise addressing the probability and potential impacts of future subsidence. The investigation shall address the potential for additional mining beneath the permit and adjacent area, the stability of the final underground workings, the maximum subsidence likely to occur in the future and the effect of that subsidence on the integrity of the facility, and any measures which have been or will be taken to stabilize the surface.

 (b)  If the proposed permit area and adjacent area overlies recoverable or mineable coals, the applicant shall demonstrate that the applicant owns the coal and shall warrant that the coal will not be mined as long as residual waste remains on the site, except for surface mining activities approved in the permit for purposes of facility construction.

   The provisions of this §  288.127 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226602) to (226603).

 An applicant shall notify the Bureau of Aviation of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Administration and the airport if a proposed landfill or expansion, that is planned to receive putrescible waste, is within 6 miles of an airport runway. The application shall include a copy of each notification and each response to each notification received by the applicant.

   The provisions of this §  288.128 adopted January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235.

PHASE II APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—GENERAL

§ 288.131. Basic requirements.

 (a)  The Phase II permit application shall comply with the following:

   (1)  This section and § §  288.132—288.139, 288.141, 288.142, 288.151, 288.152, 288.161, 288.171, 288.181 and 288.182.

   (2)  Chapter 287, Subchapter E (relating to bonding and insurance requirements).

 (b)  Applications, plans, cross sections, modules and narratives shall demonstrate how the construction and operating requirements of Subchapter C (relating to operating requirements) will be implemented, and shall include quality control measures necessary to ensure proper implementation.

 (c)  The plans, designs, cross sections and maps required by this section and § §  288.132—288.139, 288.141, 288.142, 288.151, 288.152, 288.161, 288.171, 288.181 and 288.182 shall be on a scale in which 1 inch equals no more than 200 feet with 10-foot maximum contour intervals.

 An application shall contain a description of the residual waste landfill operations proposed during the life of the facility within the proposed permit area, including the following:

   (1)  A narrative describing the type and method of residual waste landfill procedures, procedures for inspection and monitoring of incoming waste, sequence of landfilling activity, type of landfilling activity, proposed engineering techniques and the major equipment to be used under §  288.215 (relating to equipment), using the maps and grids required by §  288.133 (relating to map and grid requirements) as a basis for the description.

   (2)  A narrative explaining the method and schedule for construction, operation, modification, use, maintenance and removal of the following components of the proposed facility, unless their retention is proposed for postclosure land use:

     (i)   Dams, embankments, ditches and other impoundments.

     (ii)   Borrow pits, soil storage and handling areas and structures.

     (iii)   Scales and weigh station, if required.

     (iv)   Water and air pollution control facilities.

     (v)   Erosion and sedimentation control facilities.

     (vi)   Equipment storage and maintenance buildings, and other buildings.

     (vii)   Access roads.

   (3)  A construction schedule and sequence of operations tied to the grid coordinate system required by §  288.211 (relating to signs and markers), a site preparation plan and a schedule for disposing of solid waste at the site, including the maximum daily weight or volume of waste that will be received at the facility.

   (4)  An explanation of how the applicant intends to comply with §  288.214 (relating to measurement of waste).

   (5)  A plan for assuring that solid waste received at the facility is consistent with the following:

     (i)   Section 288.201 (relating to basic limitations).

     (ii)   Section 288.423, §  288.523 or §  288.623 (relating to minimum requirements for acceptable waste; minimum requirements for acceptable waste; and minimum requirements for acceptable waste), whichever is applicable.

   (6)  The proposed operating hours of the proposed facility. The operating hours include those hours related to construction and other activities related to operation of the facility.

   The provisions of this §  288.132 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226603) to (226604).

 (a)  An application shall contain a topographic map of the proposed permit and adjacent areas showing the following:

   (1)  The boundaries of lands proposed to be affected over the estimated total life of the proposed operation and the sequence of landfilling and closure.

   (2)  A change in a component of the facility or a feature within the proposed permit area to be caused by the proposed operation.

   (3)  The buildings, utility corridors and facilities which will be used in the operation.

   (4)  The areas of land for which a bond will be posted under Chapter 287, Subchapter E (relating to bonding and insurance requirements).

   (5)  The solid waste storage, processing or unloading areas.

   (6)  The water diversion, collection, conveyance, erosion and sedimentation control, treatment, storage and discharge facilities to be used.

   (7)  The location and elevation of the permanent physical markers for the grid coordinate system under subsection (b).

   (8)  The gas management, collection and control facilities, if required.

   (9)  The boundaries of construction activities.

   (10)  The location of barriers, fences and similar structures required by §  288.212 (relating to access control).

   (11)  The location of each sedimentation pond, permanent water impoundment or similar facility.

   (12)  The location of access roads to the site, including slopes, grades and lengths of the roads.

   (13)  The location and identity of monitoring wells.

   (14)  For noncaptive residual waste landfills, a designated area for vehicles for use in the event of the detection of waste containing radioactive material. The designated area shall, by location or shielding, protect the environment, facility staff and public from radiation originating in the vehicle. The Department’s ‘‘Guidance Document on Radioactivity Monitoring at Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facilities,’’ Document Number 250-3100-001, describes various factors to consider in determining an appropriate designated area.

 (b)  The applicant shall also submit a grid coordinate system for the entire proposed permit area. The horizontal control system shall consist of a grid not to exceed 200-foot square sections unless the facility is larger than 250 acres and the Department approves, in writing, a grid that exceeds 200-foot square sections. A permanent benchmark for horizontal and vertical control shall be shown. The grid system shall be a state or universal grid system and shall be tied to the benchmark and the baseline.

   The provisions of this §  288.133 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226604) to (226605).

 The application shall contain designs, cross sections and specifications for access roads, including load limits, under §  288.213 (relating to access roads).

   The provisions of this §  288.134 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226605).

 The application shall contain plans sufficient to demonstrate compliance with §  288.212 (relating to access control), including plans showing fencing and barriers to be constructed at the proposed facility in full elevation, fully dimensioned and with the type of construction materials specified.

 (a)  The application shall contain a plan in accordance with §  288.218 (relating to nuisance minimization and control) to minimize and control hazards or nuisances from vectors, odors, noise, dust, unsightliness and other nuisances not otherwise provided for in the permit application.

 (b)  The plan shall include the following:

   (1)  Provisions for the routine assessment and control of vector infestation.

   (2)  Methods to minimize and control nuisances from odors, dustfall and noise off the property boundary from the facility.

   (3)  For odors, the determination of normal and adverse weather conditions based on site-specific meteorological data. Prior to the installation of equipment and collection of meteorological data, a protocol for the installation and data collection shall be approved by the Department.

 (c)  The plan required in subsection (a) may include a contractual arrangement for services of an exterminator or an air quality, noise, dust control or other professional.

   The provisions of this §  288.136 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226605) to (226606).

 The application shall contain a plan in accordance with §  288.220 (relating to litter) to control litter.

 The application shall contain proposed average and maximum daily volumes for the facility, and a detailed justification for these volumes, based on § §  287.126 and 287.127 (relating to requirements for environmental assessment; and environmental assessment).

   The provisions of this §  288.138 adopted January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235.

 (a)  An application for a noncaptive residual waste landfill shall contain an action plan specifying procedures for monitoring for and responding to radioactive material entering the facility, as well as related procedures for training, notification, recordkeeping and reporting.

 (b)  The action plan shall be prepared in accordance with the Department’s ‘‘Guidance Document on Radioactivity Monitoring at Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facilities,’’ Document Number 250-3100-001, or in a manner at least as protective of the environment, facility staff and public health and safety and which meets all statutory and regulatory requirements.

 (c)  The action plan shall be incorporated into the landfill’s approved waste analysis plan under §  287.134 (relating to waste analysis plan).

   The provisions of this §  288.139 adopted January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  287.135 (relating to transition period for radiation monitoring); 25 Pa. Code §  288.131 (relating to basic requirements); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.222 (relating to radiation monitoring and response for noncaptive landfills).

PHASE II APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—COVER AND REVEGETATION

§ 288.141. Compaction and cover plan.

 An application shall contain a plan for compaction and cover at the proposed facility under § §  288.216 and 288.232—288.234 and shall include the following information:

   (1)  The procedures for placement and compaction of solid waste and the degree of compaction of solid waste.

   (2)  The number and thickness of lifts.

   (3)  The materials and procedures for application of daily, intermediate and final cover material, that meet the standards in § §  288.232—288.234 (relating to daily cover; intermediate cover and slopes; and final cover and grading).

   (4)  The procedures to establish elevation and grade of final cover.

   The provisions of this §  288.141 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226606).

 An application shall contain a plan for revegetation of affected areas in accordance with § §  288.236 and 288.237 (relating to revegetation; and standards for successful revegetation). The plan shall identify the species that are proposed to be planted, seeding rates and method of revegetation.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.131 (relating to basic requirements).

PHASE II APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—WATER QUALITY PROTECTION AND MONITORING

§ 288.151. Soil erosion and sedimentation control plan.

 (a)  The applicant shall submit a plan to manage surface water and control erosion during all phases of construction and operation at the proposed facility. The plan shall be based on the requirements of Chapter 102 (relating to erosion and sediment control), § §  288.242—288.244 (relating to soil erosion and sedimentation control; sedimentation ponds; and discharge structures) and other applicable State and Federal requirements. Calculations indicating water quantities shall be based on the 24-hour precipitation event by inches to be expected once in 25 years.

 (b)  The plan shall include fully dimensioned diversion ditches, indicating length, gradient and cross section for configuration by reach and capacities for ditch volume by reach. Calculations which are necessary to support design and siting shall be included in the plan.

 (a)  An application shall contain a water quality monitoring plan showing how the operator intends to comply with § §  288.251—288.258 (relating to water quality monitoring). The plan shall include the following:

   (1)  The number, location and design of proposed monitoring points.

   (2)  For new facilities, preoperational data showing existing groundwater quality, as required by §  288.123 (relating to groundwater quality description), and a procedure to establish this groundwater quality. For existing facilities, adequate monitoring data as required by §  288.123 to characterize background groundwater quality and a procedure to establish this groundwater quality.

 (b)  The application shall contain a groundwater sampling and analysis plan. The plan shall include:

   (1)  Procedures and techniques designed to accurately measure groundwater quality upgradient, beneath and downgradient of the proposed waste disposal area.

   (2)  Department approved sampling and analytical methods that are specific to the proposed facility and that will accurately measure solid waste, solid waste constituents, leachate or constituents of decomposition in the groundwater.

   (3)  Procedures and techniques for sample collection, sample preservation and shipment, analytical procedures, chain of custody control and field and laboratory quality assurance and quality control.

   (4)  Procedures and techniques for evaluation of analytical results to determine if groundwater degradation has occurred.

 (c)  The Department may approve the use of an alternate groundwater monitoring system for facilities located in the anthracite coal region if the applicant demonstrates the following to the Department’s satisfaction with a detailed hydrogeologic study:

   (1)  The nature and extent of underground coal mining beneath the proposed facility makes impracticable the installation of the groundwater monitoring system required by this subchapter.

   (2)  The proposed alternate system is capable of completely and accurately identifying adverse effects on groundwater from the proposed facility.

   The provisions of this §  288.152 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (266327) to (266328) and (226609).

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.123 (relating to groundwater quality description); 25 Pa. Code §  288.131 (relating to basic requirements); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.255 (relating to reporting of analysis results and data evaluation).

PHASE II APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—GAS
MANAGEMENT

§ 288.161. Gas monitoring and control plan.

 (a)  When the decomposition of the waste that is proposed to be disposed at the facility may generate gas, the application shall include a plan under §  288.262 (relating to gas control and monitoring) that is sufficient to detect and control gas emanating from the facility. The plan shall include the following:

   (1)  A plan to monitor and record offsite gas migration and gas accumulation on and off the site, including structures.

   (2)  Designs for a gas control system, indicating the location and scheduling of construction, and the design of vents, barriers, collection pipes, manifolds or other control measures that will be put in place.

 (b)  If gas recovery is proposed or required, the application shall also include the following:

   (1)  Drawings and a narrative detailing the location and design of the proposed gas recovery system and the major onsite components of the system, which shall be consistent with §  288.263 (relating to gas recovery).

   (2)  Plans and designs to address special storage, transportation, processing, treatment or disposal measures anticipated or required in the management of the generated gases, condensates or other residues.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.131 (relating to basic requirements); 25 Pa. Code §  288.262 (relating to gas control and monitoring); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.263 (relating to gas recovery).

PHASE II APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—EMERGENCY PLANNING

§ 288.171. Contingency plan.

 An application shall contain a contingency plan consistent with this section and § §  288.272 and 288.273 (relating to emergency equipment; and implementation of contingency plan). The plan shall include a Preparedness, Prevention and Contingency (PPC) Plan that is consistent with the Department’s most recent guidelines fo the development and implementation of PPC plans.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.131 (relating to basic requirements).

PHASE II APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—CLOSURE PROVISIONS

§ 288.181. Postclosure land use plan.

 An application shall contain a detailed description of the proposed use following closure of the proposed facility, including a discussion of the utility and capacity of the revegetated land to support a variety of alternative uses, and the relationship of the use to existing land use policies and plans. The description shall explain the following:

   (1)  How the proposed postclosure land use is to be achieved and the necessary support activities which may be needed to achieve the proposed land use.

   (2)  The consideration which has been given to making the proposed postclosure land use consistent with landowner plans and applicable State and local land use plans and programs.

 (a)  The application shall contain a plan describing the activities that are proposed to occur in preparation for closure and after closure to ensure compliance with this chapter.

 (b)  The closure plan shall include:

   (1)  A plan for the decontamination and removal of equipment, structures and related material from the facility.

   (2)  An estimate of the year in which final closure will occur, including an explanation of the basis for the estimate.

   (3)  A description of the steps necessary for closure if the facility closes prematurely.

   (4)  A narrative description, including a schedule, of measures that are proposed to be carried out in preparation for closure and after closure at the facility, including measures relating to the following:

     (i)   Water quality monitoring.

     (ii)   Gas control and monitoring.

     (iii)   Leachate collection and treatment.

     (iv)   Erosion and sedimentation control.

     (v)   Revegetation and regrading, including maintenance of the final cover.

     (vi)   Access control, including maintenance of access control.

   (5)  A description of the means by which funds will be made available to cover the cost of postclosure operations, which shall include an assessment of project postclosure maintenance costs, a description of how the necessary funds will be raised, a description of where the funds will be deposited, copies of relevant legal documents and a description of how the funds will be managed prior to closure.

   (6)  The name, address and telephone number at which the operator can be reached during the postclosure period.

   The provisions of this §  288.182 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226610) to (226611).

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.131 (relating to basic requirements); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.292 (relating to closure).

PHASE II APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN WASTES

§ 288.191. Plan for disposal of PCBs.

 (a)  An application for the disposal of electrical transformers that previously contained between 50 and 500 ppm of PCBs shall contain a narrative description and necessary plans and drawings to show how the applicant plans to comply with §  288.301 (relating to PCBs).

 (b)  For other PCB-containing wastes which are proposed to be disposed at a Class I or Class II residual waste landfill, the applicant shall provide the information the Department states in writing is necessary to protect public health, safety, welfare and the environment.

   The provisions of this §  288.191 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226611).

 An application for the disposal of friable asbestos containing waste shall contain a narrative description and necessary plans and drawings to show how the applicant proposes to comply with §  288.302 (relating to disposal of friable asbestos containing waste).

 An application for the disposal of other special handling wastes shall include plans showing how the applicant will comply with additional requirements imposed under §  288.303 (relating to other special handling wastes).

Subchapter C. OPERATING REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec.

§ 288.201. Basic limitations.

 (a)  Except as provided in subsection (b), a person or municipality may not own or operate a residual waste landfill unless the Department has first issued a permit to that person or municipality for the facility under this chapter.

 (b)  A person or municipality may conduct monitoring under §  288.123 (relating to groundwater quality description) without a permit from the Department if the Department has given written approval for the monitoring based on written plans that are consistent with this chapter.

 (c)  A person or municipality that operates a residual waste landfill shall comply with the following:

   (1)  The act, this article and other applicable regulations promulgated under the act.

   (2)  The plans and specifications in the permit, the terms and conditions of the permit, the environmental protection acts, this title and orders issued by the Department.

 (d)  A person or municipality may not allow residual waste to be disposed at the facility unless the Department has specifically approved the disposal of the waste at the facility, in the permit.

 (e)  A coal ash monofill shall be located in an area that has been previously mined and left unreclaimed unless the operator provides a detailed written explanation in the permit application why locating the facility in such an area is not feasible.

 (f)  All approved mitigation measures identified in the application shall be completed before a facility may accept waste unless otherwise authorized in writing by the Department for technical reasons.

 (g)  The following radioactive material controlled under specific or general license or order authorized by any Federal, state or other government agency may not be disposed at the facility, unless specifically exempted from disposal restriction by an applicable Pennsylvania or Federal statute or regulation:

   (1)  Naturally occurring and accelerator produced radioactive material.

   (2)  Byproduct material.

   (3)  Source material.

   (4)  Special nuclear material.

   (5)  Transuranic radioactive material.

   (6)  Low-level radioactive waste.

 (h)  The following radioactive material may not be disposed at the facility, unless approved in writing by the Department and the disposal does not endanger the environment, facility staff or public health and safety.

   (1)  Short-lived radioactive material from a patient having undergone a medical procedure.

   (2)  TENORM.

   (3)  Consumer products containing radioactive material.

 (i)  The limitations in subsections (g) and (h) do not apply to radioactive material as found in the undisturbed natural environment of this Commonwealth.

   The provisions of this §  288.201 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (239020).

 (a)  The operator shall submit a certification by a Pennsylvania registered professional engineer on forms provided by the Department upon completion of each major construction activity identified in the permit for each phase or sequence of construction at the facility. Major construction activities include the following:

   (1)  Construction of the groundwater monitoring system.

   (2)  Construction of the subbase.

   (3)  Construction of secondary liner.

   (4)  Construction of the leachate detection zone.

   (5)  Construction of the primary liner.

   (6)  Construction of the protective cover and the collection system within the protection cover.

   (7)  Placement of attenuating soil at natural attenuation facilities.

   (8)  Construction of a leachate treatment facility.

   (9)  Construction of a sedimentation pond.

   (10)  Closure.

   (11)  Final closure.

   (12)  Construction of the landfill gas extraction system.

 (b)  The certification shall describe the construction activity and the phase or sequence of construction being certified, using drawings and plans, if appropriate. The certification shall include testing results to prove compliance with the approved quality assurance plan. The certification shall state that the actual construction was observed by the engineer or persons under his direct supervision, and that the supervision was carried out in a manner that is consistent with the approved permit.

 (c)  Upon completion of each construction activity described in subsection (a) other than construction of a leachate treatment facility, the operator shall notify the Department that the construction activity is ready for inspection. Waste may not be disposed in the area subject to the inspection until the Department has conducted an inspection and has transmitted its written approval to the permittee indicating that construction was done according to the permit. The Department may, as part of an approved quality assurance and control plan, authorize a Pennsylvania registered professional engineer who is on the site continuously during construction to certify completion of a construction activity and authorize continuation of the next phase of construction activity prior to written approval from the Department.

 (a)  The operator shall inspect each load in accordance with its approved plan under §  287.134 (relating to waste analysis plan) to ensure compliance with that section §  288.201 (relating to basic limitations) and the following sections, as applicable: §  288.423, §  288.523 or §  288.623 (relating to minimum requirements for acceptable waste; minimum requirements for acceptable waste; and minimum requirements for acceptable waste).

 (b)  The operator shall maintain analyses of the waste in accordance with §  287.134 on site for a minimum of 5 years after the analyses are performed. These records shall be made available to a representative of the Department upon request.

 (c)  A person or municipality shall immediately notify the Department if analysis under §  287.134 indicates that there is a significant change in the quality of the waste.

DAILY OPERATIONS

§ 288.211. Signs and markers.

 (a)  Permanent physical markers for the grid coordinate system and permit area markers shall be:

   (1)  Posted and maintained for the duration of the operations to which they pertain.

   (2)  Clearly visible, readable and uniform throughout the operation.

   (3)  Permanently fixed and made of a durable material.

 (b)  The perimeter of the site shall be clearly marked before the beginning of operations. The perimeter of a disposal area shall be clearly marked before the beginning of residual waste disposal within that area.

 (c)  The permanent physical markers for the grid coordinate system shall be installed at the locations in the permit, prior to the beginning of operations. The base line of the grid system shall be marked with two permanent monuments that show elevation.

 (d)  A person or municipality that operates a noncaptive residual waste landfill shall identify the facility for the duration of operations by posting and maintaining a sign which is clearly visible and can be easily seen and read at the junction of each access road and public road. The sign shall be constructed of a durable, weather-resistant material. The sign shall show the name, business address and telephone number of the person or municipality that operates the facility, the operating hours of the facility and the number of the current permit authorizing operation of the facility.

   The provisions of this §  288.211 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226616).

 (a)  The following conditions apply at all facilities except local captive facilities:

   (1)  A gate or other barrier shall be maintained at potential vehicular access points to block unauthorized access to the site when an attendant is not on duty.

   (2)  The operator shall maintain a fence or other suitable barrier around the site, including impoundments, lagoons, leachate collection and treatment systems and gas processing facilities, sufficient to prevent unauthorized access.

   (3)  Access to the site shall be limited to times when an attendant is on duty.

 (b)  At local captive facilities, the operator shall comply with subsection (a) unless the Department approves in the permit alternative means of protecting access to the site that afford an equivalent degree of protection.

   The provisions of this §  288.212 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226616) to (226617).

 (a)  An access road shall be designed, constructed and maintained to prevent erosion to the maximum extent possible and to prevent contributions of sediment to streams or runoff outside the site.

 (b)  Crossing of a perennial or intermittent stream or a wetland shall be made using bridges, culverts or similar structures. Bridges, culverts or other encroachments or water obstructions shall meet the requirements of Chapter 105 (relating to dam safety and waterway management).

 (c)  An access road shall have a drainage system that is compatible with the natural drainage system, structurally stable and which will pass safely the peak flow from a 25-year, 24-hour precipitation event. For roads that are used or in existence for more than 30 days, the drainage system shall include sloped or crowned road surfaces, cross drains or culverts, stabilized ditches, erosion resistant surfacing, sediment traps and other appropriate sediment control measures as required by §  288.242 (relating to soil erosion and sedimentation control).

 (d)  An access road shall be paved or surfaced with asphalt, gravel, cinders or other equivalent material approved by the Department in the permit. An access road shall be capable of withstanding the load limits projected by the applicant under §  288.134 (relating to plan for access roads). The maximum sustained grade of an access road may not exceed 12% unless otherwise approved by the Department for local captive facilities.

 (e)  Except for local captive facilities where the Department has set forth alternate requirements in the permit, and except for roads not leading to the disposal area, the landfill shall maintain a minimum cartway width of one of the following:

   (1)  Twenty-two feet for two-way traffic.

   (2)  Twelve feet for one-way traffic with pull-off intervals every 100 yards or a greater distance where there is a clear view of approaching vehicles.

 (f)  An access road negotiable by loaded collection vehicles shall be provided from the entrance gate of the facility to each unloading area. An access road shall also be provided to each treatment facility, impoundment and groundwater monitoring point. Other monitoring points shall be readily accessible.

 (g)  Disturbed areas adjacent to a road shall be vegetated or otherwise stabilized to prevent erosion.

 (h)  An access road shall be maintained to control dust and to prevent or control the tracking of mud on and off the site.

 (i)  An access road shall be designed, constructed and maintained to allow the orderly egress and ingress of vehicular traffic when the facility is in operation, including during inclement weather.

   The provisions of this §  288.213 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226617) to (226618).

 (a)  For a noncaptive facility that has received, is receiving or will receive 30,000 or more cubic yards of solid waste in a calendar year, the following apply:

   (1)  Except as provided in paragraph (2), the operator shall weigh solid waste when it is received. The scale used to weigh solid waste shall conform to 3 Pa.C.S. Chapter 41 (relating to Consolidated Weights and Measures Act) and 70 Pa. Code Part I (relating to weighmaster). The operator of the scale shall be a licensed public weighmaster under 3 Pa.C.S. Chapter 41 and 70 Pa. Code Part I.

   (2)  The Department may approve, in the permit, an alternative method of accurately measuring waste when it is received.

 (b)  For other facilities, solid waste received or disposed of at the facility shall be accurately weighed or otherwise accurately measured.

 (c)  The operator shall inspect and monitor incoming waste to ensure that the disposal of waste is consistent with this article.

   The provisions of this §  288.214 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226618).

 (a)  The operators shall maintain on the site equipment necessary for the operation of the facility in accordance with the permit. The equipment shall be maintained in an operable condition.

 (b)  If a breakdown of the operator’s equipment occurs, the operator shall utilize standby equipment as necessary to comply with the act, the environmental protection acts, this subchapter and permit conditions.

   The provisions of this §  288.215 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226618) to (226619).

 (a)  Solid waste shall be spread and compacted in accordance with §  288.141 (relating to compaction and cover plan).

 (b)  The working face shall be kept to a size which can be easily compacted and covered daily, if daily cover is required, with available equipment.

 (c)  The following apply at each facility other than a local captive facility:

   (1)  An attendant or clearly marked signs shall direct vehicles to the unloading area.

   (2)  The operator shall ensure that collection vehicles unload waste promptly in unloading areas.

   The provisions of this §  288.216 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226619).

 (a)  The operator shall implement fugitive air contaminant control measures and otherwise prevent and control air pollution in accordance with the Air Pollution Control Act (35 P. S. § §  4001—4015), Article III (relating to air resources) and §  288.218 (relating to nuisance minimization and control). Minimization and control measures shall include the following:

   (1)  Ensuring that operation of the facility will not cause or contribute to an exceedance of an ambient air quality standard under §  131.3 (relating to ambient air quality standards).

   (2)  Ensuring that no open burning occurs at the facility.

   (3)  Minimizing the generation of fugitive dust emissions from the facility.

 (b)  The operator shall comply with the terms and conditions of an air quality plan approval and air quality operating permit issued to the facility under Chapter 127 (relating to construction, modification, reactivation and operation of sources).

 (a)  Vectors. An operator may not cause or allow the attraction, harborage or breeding of vectors.

 (b)  Odors.

   (1)  An operator shall implement the plan approved under §  288.136 (relating to nuisance minimization and control plan) to minimize and control public nuisances from odors. If the Department determines during operation of the facility that the plan is inadequate to minimize or control public nuisances, the Department may modify the plan or require the operator to modify the plan and obtain Department approval.

   (2)  An operator shall perform regular, frequent and comprehensive site inspections to evaluate the effectiveness of cover, capping, gas collection and destruction, waste acceptance and all other waste management practices in reducing the potential for offsite odor creation.

   (3)  An operator shall promptly address and correct problems and deficiencies discovered in the course of inspections performed under paragraph (2).

 (c)  Other. An operator shall implement the plan approved under §  288.136 to minimize and control other conditions that are harmful to the environment or public health, or which create safety hazards, odors, dust, noise, unsightliness and other public nuisances.

   The provisions of this §  288.218 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226619).

 (a)  Salvaging of materials shall be controlled by the operator to prevent interference with prompt and sanitary operations and conducted to prevent a health hazard or nuisance.

 (a)  The operator may not allow litter to be blown or otherwise deposited offsite.

 (b)  Fences or other barriers sufficient to control blowing litter shall be located in the immediate operating area downwind from the working face. Fences or other barriers shall be constructed of mesh, snow fencing or other material approved by the Department as part of the permit.

 (c)  At least weekly, litter shall be collected from fences, roadways, treeline barriers and other barriers, and disposed or stored in accordance with the act and regulations thereunder, unless a greater frequency is set forth in the permit.

 (a)  A person or municipality operating a residual waste landfill may not receive solid waste at the landfill in excess of the maximum or average daily volume approved in the permit.

 (b)  The average daily volume is a limit on the volume of solid waste that is permitted to be received at the facility, and shall be computed annually by averaging the total volume received over the year.

   The provisions of this §  288.221 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235.

 (a)  An operator shall implement the action plan approved under §  288.139 (relating to radiation protection action plan).

 (b)  An operator shall monitor incoming waste in accordance with the Department’s ‘‘Guidance Document on Radioactivity Monitoring at Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facilities,’’ Document Number 250-3100-001, or in a manner at least as protective of the environment, the facility staff and the public health and safety. Monitoring shall meet the requirements of this section and the facility’s approved radiation protection action plan.

 (c)  Radiation detector elements shall be as close as practical to the waste load and in an appropriate geometry to monitor the waste. The radiation monitoring system shall be set to alarm at a level no higher than 10 microroentgen per hour (uR/hr) above the average background at the facility when any of the radiation detector elements is exposed to a Cesium-137 gamma radiation field. Radiation detector elements shall be shielded to maintain the average background below 10 uR/hr. If capable of energy discrimination, the radiation monitoring system shall be set to detect gamma rays of a 50 kiloelectron volt (keV) energy and higher.

 (d)  An operator shall have portable radiation monitors capable of determining the radiation dose rate and presence of contamination on a vehicle that has caused an alarm. Upon a confirmed exceedance of the alarm level in subsection (c), a radiological survey of the vehicle shall be performed.

 (e)  An operator shall notify the Department immediately and isolate the vehicle when radiation dose rates of 20 µSv/hr (2 mrem/hr) or greater are detected in the cab of a vehicle, 500 µSv/hr (50 mrem/hr) or greater are detected from any other surface, or contamination is detected on the outside of the vehicle.

 (f)  Monitoring equipment shall be calibrated at a frequency specified by the manufacturer, but not less than once a year.

 (g)  If radioactive material is detected, the vehicle containing the radioactive material may not leave the facility without written Department approval and an authorized United States Department of Transportation exemption form.

   The provisions of this §  288.222 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235.

COVER AND REVEGETATION

§ 288.231. [Reserved].

 (a)  Except as provided in subsection (b), a uniform cover of the approved daily cover material shall be placed on exposed solid waste at the end of each working day, at the end of every 24 hours, or at the completion of every lift, whichever interval is less.

 (b)  The Department may waive the daily cover material requirements of this section in the permit if the operator demonstrates that the composition of solid waste disposed at the facility prevents vectors, odors, blowing litter and other nuisances, is noncombustible and allows loaded vehicles to successfully maneuver over it after placement without change in its properties and without regard to weather.

 (c)  The composition of the daily cover material shall meet the following performance standards. The daily cover shall:

   (1)  Prevent vectors, odors, blowing litter and other nuisances.

   (2)  Cover solid waste after it is placed without change in its properties and without regard to weather.

   (3)  Be capable of allowing loaded vehicles to successfully maneuver over it after placement.

   (4)  Be capable of controlling fires.

   (5)  Be consistent with the waste acceptance plan for the facility.

 (d)  A 5-day supply of cover material shall be maintained on the site.

   The provisions of this §  288.232 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226621).

 (a)  Except as provided in subsection (b), a uniform intermediate cover shall be placed within 7 days of waste disposal on the following:

   (1)  A partial lift for which the operator intends to place no additional waste for 6 months.

   (2)  A partial or completed lift that represents final permitted elevations for that part of the facility.

 (b)  The Department may waive the intermediate cover requirements of this section if the operator demonstrates that the composition of solid waste disposed at the facility prevents vectors, odors, blowing litter, erosion and other nuisances, is noncombustible, allows loaded vehicles to successfully maneuver over it after placement without change in its properties and without regard to weather, and is capable of supporting the germination and propagation of vegetative cover as required by § §  288.236 and 288.237 (relating to revegetation; and standards for successful revegetation).

 (c)  The composition of the intermediate cover material shall meet the following performance standards. The intermediate cover shall:

   (1)  Prevent vectors, odors, blowing litter and other nuisances.

   (2)  Cover solid waste after it is placed without change in its properties and without regard to weather.

   (3)  Be capable of allowing loaded vehicles to successfully maneuver over it after placement.

   (4)  Be capable of controlling fires.

   (5)  Be consistent with the waste acceptance plan for the facility.

   (6)  Support the germination and progagation of vegetative cover as required by § §  288.236 and 288.237 unless vegetative cover is not necessary to control infiltration of precipitation and erosion and sedimentation.

   (7)  Control infiltration of precipitation and erosion and sedimentation.

 (d)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (c) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), intermediate cover shall meet the following design requirements:

   (1)  If soil or soil-like material is used, the layer of cover soil shall be at least 12 inches in thickness.

   (2)  If soil or soil-like material is used, the layer of cover soil shall be uniformly graded.

 (e)  If intermediate cover requires revegetation, the revegetation shall be established within 30 days.

 (f)  Slopes constructed during daily landfilling and intermediate cover activities may not exceed 50%.

   The provisions of this §  288.233 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226622) to (226623).

 (a)  Except as provided in subsection (b), the operator shall provide final cover in the following manner:

   (1)  A cap shall be placed and graded over the entire surface of each final lift. The cap may be no more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-7 cm/sec. The following performance standards for the cap shall be met:

     (i)   The cap shall minimize the migration of precipitation into the landfill.

     (ii)   The cap shall be resistant to physical and chemical failure.

     (iii)   The cap shall cover all areas where waste is disposed.

   (2)  A drainage layer capable of transmitting flow and preventing erosion of the soil layer shall be placed over the cap.

   (3)  A uniform layer of material shall be placed over the drainage layer. The layer of material shall support vegetation and protect the cap.

 (b)  The Department may waive the cap and drainage layer requirements of subsection (a)(1) and (2) based on a demonstration that it is not necessary to limit infiltration into the waste. The demonstration shall include the following:

   (1)  The leachate production without a cap will be equivalent to leachate production with a cap.

   (2)  Waiver of a cap will not cause or contribute to groundwater degradation as a result of leachate production.

 (c)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a)(1) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the cap shall meet the design requirements set forth for caps in Appendix A, Table II (relating to minimum liner design standards).

 (d)  The operator shall place final cover within 1 year after disposal in the final lift ceases or as soon thereafter as weather permits, unless the Department, in the permit, allows a later period based on a demonstration that a later period is necessary to protect the cap and drainage layer from differential settlement of waste at the facility. The Department will not allow a later period unless, at a minimum, delayed installation will not cause or allow violations of this article, the act or the environmental protection acts.

 (e)  The layer of material described in subsection (a)(3) shall meet the following performance standards. The layer shall:

   (1)  Prevent vectors, odors, blowing litter and other nuisances.

   (2)  Cover solid waste after it is placed without change in its properties and without regard to weather.

   (3)  Be capable of allowing loaded vehicles to successfully maneuver over it after placement.

   (4)  Be capable of controlling fires.

   (5)  Be capable of preventing frost damage to the cap.

   (6)  Be capable of supporting the germination and propagation of vegetative cover as required by § §  288.236 and 288.237 (relating to revegetation; and standards for successful revegetation).

   (7)  Not crack excessively when dry.

   (8)  Be consistent with the waste acceptance plan.

 (f)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (e) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure) the layer of material described in subsection (a)(3) shall meet the following design requirements:

   (1)  The cover soil shall fall within the United States Department of Agriculture textural classes of sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, loamy sand and silt loam as defined in the Soil Survey Manual published by the United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (available from the Department or the Northeast National Technical Center of the Soil Conservation Service, 160 E. 7th Street, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013-6092).

   (2)  At least 40% by weight of the cover soil shall be capable of passing through a 2 millimeter, No. 10 mesh sieve.

   (3)  The cover may not include rocks that are greater than 6 inches in diameter.

   (4)  The layer of cover soil shall be at least 2 feet in thickness.

 (g)  The grade of final slopes shall be designed, installed and maintained to accomplish the following:

   (1)  Ensure permanent stability.

   (2)  Control erosion due to rapid water velocity and other factors.

   (3)  Allow compaction, seeding and revegetation of cover material placed on the slopes.

   (4)  Ensure minimal infiltration and percolation of precipitation, surface water run-on and runoff into the disposal area.

 (h)  Unless the Department authorizes a different slope design in the permit based on a demonstration that the different design can meet the requirements of subsection (g), slopes shall be designed, installed and maintained as follows:

   (1)  The grade of the final surface of the facility may not be less than 3%.

   (2)  If the Department approves final grades of more than 15%:

     (i)   The operator shall construct a horizontal terrace at least 15 feet wide on the slope for every 25 feet maximum rise in elevations on the slope. The terrace width shall be measured as the horizontal distance between slope segments.

     (ii)   The gradient of the terrace shall be 5% into the landfill.

     (iii)   Drainage ditches shall be constructed on each horizontal terrace to convey flows.

   (3)  An operator may not leave final slopes that have a grade exceeding 33%, including slopes between benched terraces.

   The provisions of this §  288.234 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226623) to (226624) and (266329).

 (a)  Vegetation shall be established on land affected by a residual waste landfill.

 (b)  Revegetation shall provide for an effective and permanent vegetative cover of the same seasonal variety as vegetation native to the site and capable of self-regeneration and plant succession. Introduced species may be used when desirable and necessary to achieve the approved postclosure land use. Vegetative cover shall be considered of the same seasonal variety when it consists of a mixture of species that is of equal or superior utility to native vegetation during each season of the year.

 (c)  Revegetation shall provide a quick-germinating, fast-growing vegetative cover capable of stabilizing the soil surface from erosion.

 (d)  Disturbed areas shall be seeded and planted when weather and planting conditions permit, but the seeding and planting of disturbed areas shall be performed no later than the first normal period for favorable planting after final grading.

 (e)  Fertilizer and lime shall be applied to disturbed areas as necessary to maintain plant growth.

 (f)  Mulch shall be applied to regraded areas where necessary to control erosion, promote germination of seeds and increase the moisture retention of the soil.

 (a)  The standard for successful revegetation shall be the percent of groundcover of the vegetation which exists on the site. The Department will not approve less than a 70% groundcover of permanent plant species. No more than 1% of the total area may have less than 30% groundcover. A single or contiguous area exceeding 3,000 square feet may not have less than 30% groundcover.

 (b)  Trees, woody shrubs or deep-rooted plants may not be planted or allowed to grow on the revegetated area of capped sites, unless otherwise allowed by the Department in the permit based on a demonstration that roots will not penetrate the cap or drainage layer.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.142 (relating to revegetation plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.233 (relating to intermediate cover and slopes); 25 Pa. Code §  288.234 (relating to final cover and grading); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.242 (relating to soil erosion and sedimentation control).

WATER QUALITY PROTECTION

§ 288.241. General requirements.

 (a)  The operator may not cause or allow a point or nonpoint source discharge in violation of The Clean Streams Law from or on the facility to surface waters of this Commonwealth.

 (b)  A residual waste landfill shall be operated to prevent and control water pollution. An operator shall operate and maintain necessary water treatment facilities until water pollution from the facility has been permanently abated.

 (c)  The operator may not cause or allow water pollution within or outside the site.

 (a)  The operator shall manage surface water and control soil erosion and sedimentation, based on the 24-hour precipitation event in inches to be expected once in 25 years.

 (b)  The operator shall do the following:

   (1)  Prevent or minimize surface water percolation into the solid waste deposited at the facility.

   (2)  Meet the requirements of Chapter 102 (relating to erosion and sediment control).

   (3)  Prevent soil erosion and sedimentation to the maximum extent possible.

 (c)  When rills or gullies deeper than 9 inches form in areas that have been regraded and planted, the rills and gullies shall be filled, graded or otherwise stabilized and the area reseeded or replanted under § §  288.236 and 288.237 (relating to revegetation; and standards for successful revegetation). Rills or gullies of lesser size shall be stabilized and the area reseeded or replanted if the rills or gullies are disruptive to the approved postclosure land use or may result in additional erosion and sedimentation.

 (a)  Surface drainage from the disturbed area, including areas that have been graded, seeded or planted, shall be passed through a sedimentation pond or a series of sedimentation ponds before leaving the site. The Department may, in the permit, waive the required use of sedimentation ponds when a person or municipality demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Department that sedimentation ponds are not necessary to meet the requirements of §  288.241 (relating to general requirements).

 (b)  Sedimentation ponds shall be constructed, operated and maintained under this section and Chapters 102 and 105 (relating to erosion and sediment control; and dam safety and waterway management) and the minimum design criteria contained in the United States Soil Conservation Service’s Engineering Standard 378, ‘Pond’ Pa.

 (c)  Sedimentation ponds and other treatment facilities shall be maintained until removal of the ponds and facilities is approved by the Department.

 (d)  Ponds shall include a nonclogging dewatering device approved by the Department that will permit the draining of the water from the pond. The dewatering device may not be located at a lower elevation than the maximum elevation of the sedimentation storage volume.

 (e)  Ponds shall be designed, constructed and maintained to prevent short circuiting to the maximum extent possible.

 (f)  The design, construction and maintenance of a sediment pond under this section does not relieve the person or municipality that operates a facility of the responsibility for complying with the applicable treatment requirements and effluent limitations established under §  288.241.

 (g)  At a minimum, sedimentation ponds shall be capable of managing the runoff resulting from a 25-year, 24- hour precipitation event.

 Discharges from dams, ponds, embankments, impoundments and diversions shall be controlled by energy dissipators, riprap channels or other devices when necessary to reduce erosion, to prevent deepening or enlargement of stream channels, and to minimize disturbance to surface water and groundwater. Discharge structures shall be designed and maintained according to standard engineering-design procedures, and shall meet the requirements of Chapter 105 (relating to dam safety and waterway management).

 (a)  A person or municipality operating a residual waste landfill which adversely affects a water supply by degradation, pollution or other means shall restore the affected supply at no additional cost to the owner or replace the affected water supply with an alternate source that is of like quantity and quality to the original supply at no additional cost to the owner.

 (b)  A temporary water supply shall be provided as soon as practicable but not later than 48 hours after one of the following:

   (1)  Receipt of information showing that the operator is responsible for adversely affecting the water supply.

   (2)  Receipt of notice from the Department that the operator is responsible for adversely affecting the water supply.

 (c)  A permanent water supply shall be provided as soon as practicable but not later than 90 days after one of the following:

   (1)  Receipt of information showing that the operator is responsible for adversely affecting the water supply.

   (2)  Receipt of notice from the Department that the operator is responsible for adversely affecting the water supply.

 (d)  Permanent water supplies include development of a new well with distribution system, interconnection with a public water supply or extension of a private water supply, but do not include provision of bottled water or a water tank supplied by a bulk water hauling system, which are temporary water supplies.

   The provisions of this §  288.245 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (266332).

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.432 (relating to general limitations); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.532 (relating to general limitations).

WATER QUALITY MONITORING

§ 288.251. General requirements.

 (a)   A person or municipality that operates a residual waste landfill shall install, operate and maintain a monitoring system that can detect the entry of solid waste, solid waste constituents, leachate, contaminants, degradation or constituents of decomposition into the groundwater or surface water. The monitoring system shall comply with this section and § §  288.252—288.258.

 (b)  A person may not construct, install or use a monitoring system for a residual waste landfill until that system has first been approved by the Department in writing.

 (a)  The water quality monitoring system shall accurately characterize groundwater flow, groundwater chemistry and flow systems on the site and adjacent area. The system shall consist of the following:

   (1)  At least one monitoring well at a point hydraulically upgradient from the disposal area in the direction of increasing static head that is capable of providing representative data of groundwater not affected by the facility, except when the facility occupies the most upgradient position in the flow system. In that case, sufficient downgradient monitoring wells shall be placed to determine the extent of adverse effects on groundwater from the facility.

   (2)  At least three monitoring wells at points hydraulically downgradient in the direction of decreasing static head from the area in which solid waste has been or will be disposed. In addition to the downgradient wells, the Department may allow one or more springs for monitoring points if the springs are hydraulically downgradient from the area in which solid waste has been or will be disposed, if the springs are developed and protected in a manner approved by the Department and if the springs otherwise meet the requirements of this subchapter.

   (3)  A leachate detection system for the disposal area, when required for the facility.

   (4)  A leachate collection system for the disposal area, when required for the facility.

   (5)  Surface water monitoring points approved by the Department.

 (b)  The upgradient and downgradient monitoring wells shall be:

   (1)  Sufficient in number, location and depth to be representative of water quality.

   (2)  Located so as not to interfere with routine facility operations.

   (3)  Located within 200 feet of the permitted disposal area, except as necessary to comply with subsection (c), and located at the points of compliance.

 (c)  In addition to the requirements of subsection (b), upgradient monitoring wells shall be located so that they will not be affected by adverse effects on groundwater from the disposal area.

 (d)  In addition to the requirements of subsection (b), downgradient monitoring wells shall be located so that they will provide early detection of adverse effects on groundwater from the disposal area.

 (e)  Wells drilled under this section shall be drilled by drillers licensed under the Water Well Drillers License Act (32 P. S. § §  645.1—645.13).

 (f)  The well materials shall be decontaminated prior to installation.

   The provisions of this §  288.252 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226629) to (226630).

 (a)  A monitoring well shall be cased as follows:

   (1)  The casing shall maintain the integrity of the monitoring well borehole and shall be constructed of material that will not react with the groundwater being monitored.

   (2)  The minimum casing diameter shall be 4 inches unless otherwise approved by the Department in writing.

   (3)  The well shall be constructed with a screen that meets the following requirements:

     (i)   The screen shall be factory-made.

     (ii)   The screen may not react with the groundwater being monitored.

     (iii)   The screen shall maximize open area to minimize entrance velocities and allow rapid sample recovery.

   (4)  The well shall be filter-packed with chemically inert clean quartz sand, silica or glass beads. The material shall be well-rounded and dimensionally stable.

   (5)  The casing shall be clearly visible and protrude at least 1 foot aboveground, unless the Department has approved flush mount wells.

   (6)  The annular space above the sampling depth shall be sealed to prevent contamination of samples and the groundwater.

   (7)  The casing shall be designed and constructed to prevent cross contamination between surface water and groundwater.

   (8)  Alternative casing designs for wells in stable formations may be approved by the Department.

 (b)  Monitoring well casings shall be enclosed in a protective casing that shall:

   (1)  Be of sufficient strength to protect the well from damage by heavy equipment and vandalism.

   (2)  Be installed for at least the upper 10 feet of the monitoring well, as measured from the well cap, with a maximum stick up of 3 feet, unless otherwise approved by the Department in writing.

   (3)  Be grouted and placed with a concrete collar at least 3 feet deep to hold it firmly in position.

   (4)  Be numbered for identification with a label capable of withstanding field conditions and painted in a highly visible color.

   (5)  Protrude above the monitoring well casing.

   (6)  Have a locked cap.

   (7)  Be made of steel or other material of equivalent strength.

   The provisions of this §  288.253 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226630) to ( 226631.

 (a)  A person or municipality operating a residual waste landfill shall conduct sampling and analysis from each monitoring point for the following parameters at the following frequencies:

   (1)  Quarterly, for ammonia-nitrogen, bicarbonate, calcium, chloride, fluoride, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen, pH, specific conductance, sulfate, total alkalinity, total organic carbon, total dissolved solids, turbidity, iron, manganese, magnesium, potassium and sodium.

   (2)  Quarterly, for groundwater elevations in monitoring wells recorded as a distance from the elevation at the well head referenced to mean sea level based on United States Geological Survey datum.

   (3)  Annually, for total and dissolved concentrations of each of the following: arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, silver and zinc.

   (4)  Annually, for the following volatile organic compounds: tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, 1,2-dichloroethene (cis and trans isomers), vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, methylene chloride, toluene, ethylbenzene, benzene and xylene.

   (5)  Other constituents contained in the waste that may leach into the environment, as determined under §  287.132 (relating to chemical analysis of waste). For facilities with leachate collection and treatment, the quarterly analysis shall be adjusted to reflect parameters detected from leachate analysis under §  288.456 or §  288.556 (relating to leachate analysis and sludge handling; and leachate analysis and sludge handling).

 (b)  The Department may modify the requirements of this section, based on the waste analysis conducted under §  287.132 for residual waste monofills for parameters and monitoring frequencies that are not necessary to determine the actual or potential effect of the facility on surface or groundwater. This subsection does not apply to subsection (a)(1).

 (c)  For facilities permitted before July 4, 1992, the parameters described in this section shall be sampled and analyzed beginning October 5, 1992.

   The provisions of this §  288.254 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226631) to (226632).

 Analyses of data required by this subchapter shall be submitted, on a form provided by the Department, within 60 days of sampling or 15 days after completion of analyses, whichever is sooner, unless the Department approves another time period in the permit. The data analyses shall be accompanied by a data evaluation as required in §  288.152(b)(4) (relating to water quality monitoring plan).

 (a)  Requirement. A person or municipality operating a residual waste landfill shall prepare and submit to the Department a groundwater assessment plan within 60 days after one of the following occurs:

   (1)  Data obtained from monitoring by the Department or the operator indicates groundwater degradation at any monitoring point.

   (2)  Laboratory analysis of one or more pubic or private water supplies indicates groundwater degradation that could reasonably be attributed to the facility.

 (b)  Exception. The operator is not required to conduct an assessment under this section if one of the following applies:

   (1)  Within 10 working days after receipt of sample results indicating groundwater degradation, the operator resamples the affected wells and analysis from resampling shows, to the Department’s satisfaction, that groundwater degradation has not occurred.

   (2)  Within 20 working days after receipt of sample results indicating groundwater degradation, the operator demonstrates that the degradation was caused entirely by earthmoving and other activities related to facility construction, or by seasonal variations.

 (c)  The groundwater assessment plan shall specify the manner in which the operator will determine the existence, quality, quantity, areal extent and depth of groundwater degradation and the rate and direction of migration of contaminants in the groundwater. A groundwater assessment plan shall be prepared by an expert in the field of hydrogeology. The plan shall contain the following information:

   (1)  The number, location, size, casing type and depth of wells, lysimeters, borings, pits, piezometers and other assessment structures or devices to be used. If the operator establishes compliance points as part of the assessment, the points shall be wells constructed in accordance with § §  288.252 and 288.253 (relating to number location and depth of monitoring points; and standards for wells and casing of wells).

   (2)  The sampling and analytical methods for the parameters to be evaluated.

   (3)  The evaluation procedures, including the use of previously gathered groundwater quality information, to determine the concentration, rate and extent of groundwater degradation from the facility.

   (4)  An implementation schedule.

   (5)  Identification of the abatement standard that will be met.

 (d)  The groundwater assessment plan shall be implemented upon approval by the Department in accordance with the approved implementation schedule, and shall be completed in a reasonable time not to exceed 6 months, unless otherwise approved by the Department. If the Department determines that the proposed plan is inadequate, it may modify the plan and approve the plan as modified. The operator shall notify, in writing, each owner of a private or public water supply that is located within 1/2-mile downgradient of the disposal area that an assessment has been initiated.

 (e)  Within 45 days after the completion of the groundwater assessment plan, the operator shall submit a report containing the new data collected, analysis of the data and recommendations on the necessity for abatement.

 (f)  If the Department determines after review of the groundwater assessment report that implementation of an abatement plan is not required by §  288.257 (relating to abatement plan), the operator shall submit a permit modification application under §  287.222 (relating to permit modification) for necessary changes to the groundwater monitoring plan. The operator shall implement the modifications within 30 days of the Department’s approval.

 (g)  This section does not prevent the Department from requiring, or the operator from conducting groundwater abatement or water supply replacement concurrently with or prior to implementation of the assessment.

   The provisions of this §  288.256 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226632) to (226633).

 (a)  The operator of a residual waste landfill shall prepare and submit to the Department an abatement plan whenever one of the following occurs:

   (1)  The groundwater assessment plan prepared and implemented under §  288.256 (relating to groundwater assessment plan) shows the presence of groundwater degradation for one or more contaminants at one or more monitoring points and the analysis under §  288.256(c) indicates that an abatement standard under subsection (c) will not be met.

   (2)  Monitoring by the Department or operator shows the presence of an abatement standard exceedance from one or more compliance points as indicated in subsection (c) even if a groundwater assessment plan has not been completed. The operator is not required to implement an abatement plan under this paragraph if the following apply:

     (i)   Within 10 days after receipt of sample results showing an exceedance of an abatement standard at a point of compliance described in subsection (c), the operator resamples the affected wells.

     (ii)   Analysis from resampling shows to the Department’s satisfaction that an exceedance of an abatement standard has not occurred.

 (b)  An abatement plan shall be prepared by an expert hydrogeologist and submitted to the Department. The plan shall contain the following information:

   (1)  The specific methods or techniques to be used to abate groundwater degradation at the facility.

   (2)  The specific methods or techniques to be used to prevent further groundwater degradation from the facility.

   (3)  A schedule for implementation.

 (c)  If abatement is required in accordance with subsection (a), the operator shall demonstrate compliance with one or more of the following standards at the identified compliance points:

   (1)  For constituents for which Statewide health standards exist, the Statewide health standard for that constituent at and beyond 150 meters of the perimeter of the permitted disposal area or at and beyond the property boundary, whichever is closer.

   (2)  The background standard for constituents at and beyond 150 meters of the perimeter of the permitted disposal area or at and beyond the property boundary, whichever is closer.

   (3)  For constituents for which no primary MCLs under the Federal and State Safe Drinking Water Acts (42 U.S.C.A. § §  300f—300j-18; and 35 P. S. § §  721.1—721.17) exist, the risk-based standard at and beyond 150 meters of the perimeter of the permitted disposal area or at and beyond the property boundary, whichever is closer, if the following conditions are met:

     (i)   The risk assessment used to establish the standard assumes that human receptors exist at the property boundary.

     (ii)   The level is derived in a manner consistent with Department guidelines for assessing the health risks of environmental pollutants.

     (iii)   The level is based on scientifically valid studies conducted in accordance with good laboratory practice standards (40 CFR Part 792 (relating to good laboratory practice standards)) promulgated under the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C.A. § §  2601—2692) or other scientifically valid studies approved by the Department.

     (iv)   For carcinogens, the level represents a concentration associated with an excess lifetime cancer risk level of 1 x 10^-5 at the property boundary.

 (d)  For measuring compliance with secondary contaminants under subsection (c), paragraph (1) or (3), the Department may approve a compliance point beyond 150 meters on land owned by the owner of the disposal area.

 (e)  The abatement plan shall be completed and submitted to the Department for approval within 90 days of the time the obligation arises under this section unless the date is otherwise modified, in writing, by the Department.

 (f)  If the Department determines that the proposed plan is inadequate, the Department may modify the plan and approve the plan as modified or require the submission of an approvable modification.

 (g)  The abatement plan shall be implemented within 60 days of approval by the Department in accordance with the approved implementation schedule.

 (h)  If, after plan approval or implementation, the Department finds that the plan is incapable of achieving the groundwater protection contemplated in the approval, the Department may issue one or more of the following:

   (1)  An order requiring the operator to submit proposed modifications to the abatement plan.

   (2)  An order requiring the operator to implement the abatement plan as modified by the Department.

   (3)  An other order the Department deems necessary to aid in the enforcement of the act.

   The provisions of this §  288.257 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226633) to (226636).

 A person or municipality subject to the requirements of this subchapter shall retain records of analyses and evaluations of monitoring data and groundwater elevations required under this subchapter until release of the bonds, and shall make the records available to the Department upon request.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.152 (relating to water quality monitoring plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.251 (relating to general requirements); 25 Pa. Code §  291.315 (relating to water quality monitoring); 25 Pa. Code §  291.416 (relating to water quality monitoring); 25 Pa. Code §  293.233 (relating to soil and groundwater monitoring); 25 Pa. Code §  295.254 (relating to soil and groundwater monitoring); and 25 Pa. Code §  297.233 (relating to soil and groundwater monitoring).

MINERALS AND GAS

§ 288.261. Mineral resources.

 (a)  The operator shall isolate coal seams, coal outcrops and coal refuse from combustible waste deposits to prevent the combustion of the waste and that prevents damage to the liner system.

 (b)  Mine openings within the site shall be sealed in a manner approved by the Department.

 (c)  The operator shall implement a plan for controlling potential for damage from subsidence that was submitted and approved under §  288.127 (relating to mineral deposits information).

   The provisions of this §  288.261 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226636).

 (a)  If the waste disposed at the facility generates, or is likely to generate gas, the operator shall establish and implement a gas control and monitoring program plan under §  288.161 (relating to gas monitoring and control plan).

 (b)  The operator shall control decomposition gases generated within the site to prevent danger to workers, structures and to occupants of adjacent property.

 (c)  Gas venting and monitoring systems shall be installed during construction at facilities.

 (d)  Gas monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with the approved plan. Gas monitoring shall be conducted quarterly by the operator during active operations and after closure until the Department determines in writing that gas monitoring is not necessary to ensure compliance with the act, the environmental protection acts, regulations promulgated thereunder and the terms and conditions of the permit.

 (e)  Combustible gas levels may not equal or exceed:

   (1)  Twenty-five percent of the lower explosive limit in a structure within the site.

   (2)  The lower explosive limit at the boundaries of the site.

 (f)  The operator shall conduct active forced ventilation of the facility, using vents located at least 3 feet above the landfill surface, if one of the following apply:

   (1)  Passive venting has caused or may cause violations of subsection (e).

   (2)  Induced positive gas flows will prevent or control offsite odors.

   The provisions of this §  288.262 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226636) to (255101).

 (a)  Gas recovery shall be conducted as follows:

   (1)  In a manner that does not interfere or conflict with activities on the site or required control measures.

   (2)  Without creating or causing danger to persons or property.

   (3)  According to the plan approved by the Department under §  288.161 (relating to gas monitoring and control plan).

 (b)  The operator shall, on an annual basis, physically and chemically characterize recovered gas, condensates or other residues which are generated. Users of the recovered gas shall be informed of the chemical quality of the gas. If the gas, condensates or other residues are hazardous, they shall be managed under Article VII (relating to hazardous waste management).

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.161 (relating to gas monitoring and control plan).

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

§ 288.271. Hazard prevention.

 A residual waste landfill shall be designed, constructed, maintained and operated to prevent and minimize the potential for fire, explosion or release of solid waste constituents to the air, water or soil of this Commonwealth that could threaten public health or safety, public welfare or the environment.

 (a)  Except as provided in subsection (b), the operator shall have available, in proper working condition, the following equipment at the immediate operating area of the facility:

   (1)  An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction by voice or signal to facility personnel.

   (2)  A communications system capable of summoning emergency assistance from local police, fire departments, emergency medical services and from State and local emergency response agencies.

   (3)  Portable fire extinguishers, fire control equipment, spill control equipment, self contained breathing apparatus and decontamination equipment. For fire control equipment requiring water, the facility shall have a water supply of adequate quantity and pressure to supply the equipment.

   (4)  Portable gas explosimeters and gas monitoring equipment.

 (b)  The Department may waive or modify one or more of the requirements of subsection (a) in the permit if the operator demonstrates to the Department’s satisfaction that the requirements are not necessary to protect health and safety, public welfare and the environment.

 (c)  Equipment and material required by this section shall be tested and maintained so that it is operable in time of emergency.

 (d)  Adequate space shall be maintained to allow the unobstructed movement of emergency personnel and equipment to operating areas of the facility.

   The provisions of this §  288.272 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (255102).

 (a)  The operator of the facility shall immediately implement the applicable provisions of the approved contingency plan if there is an emergency. For the purposes of this section, the term ‘‘emergency’’ includes a fire, spill or other event that threatens public health and safety, public welfare or the environment, and personal injury.

 (b)  During an emergency, the operator shall do the following:

   (1)  Assess actual or potential hazards to public health and safety, public welfare and the environment that are occurring or may occur.

   (2)  Ensure that fires, spills or other hazards do not occur, reoccur or spread to other solid waste at the facility.

   (3)  Immediately telephone the Department and county emergency management agency and report the following information:

     (i)   The name of the person reporting the incident and telephone number where that person can be reached.

     (ii)   The name, address and permit number of the facility.

     (iii)   The date, time and location of the emergency.

     (iv)   A brief description of the nature of the emergency, the type and quantity of the solid waste involved, and what dangers to public health and safety, public welfare and the environment exist or may occur.

     (v)   The nature of injuries.

     (vi)   The parts of the contingency plan being implemented to alleviate the emergency.

 (c)  After an emergency, the operator of the facility shall do the following:

   (1)  Clean up the area affected by the emergency and treat, store or dispose of recovered solid waste, contaminated soil, contaminated water or other material in a manner approved by the Department.

   (2)  Prevent disposal, processing or storage of solid waste in the area affected by the emergency until the operator has cleaned up the area, and the Department has inspected and approved the cleanup.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.171 (relating to contingency plan).

RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING

§ 288.281. Daily operational records.

 (a)  The operator of a facility shall make and maintain an operational record for each day that residual waste is received, processed or disposed, and each day that construction, monitoring or postclosure activity occurs. The operator of a captive residual waste facility may maintain a monthly operational record instead of a daily operational record for each month in which residual waste is received, processed or disposed, and each month that construction, monitoring or postclosure activity occurs. The monthly operational record shall contain the information required in subsection (b)(1)—(7).

 (b)  The operational record shall include the following:

   (1)  The type and weight or volume of the solid waste received.

   (2)  The particular grid location of the area currently being used for disposal of solid waste.

   (3)  A description of waste handling problems or emergency disposal activities.

   (4)  A record of deviations from the approved design or operational plans.

   (5)  A record of activities for which entries are needed to comply with the annual operation report required in §  288.283 (relating to annual operation report).

   (6)  A record of actions taken to correct violations of the act, the environmental protection acts and this title.

   (7)  A record of rejected waste loads, and the reason for rejecting the loads. For noncaptive facilities, the name of the transporter and the name, mailing address and county of the generator shall also be included.

   (8)  For noncaptive facilities, the following:

     (i)   The transporters of the waste.

     (ii)   The name, mailing address, county and state of each generator of residual waste.

     (iii)   An analysis of the quality and quantity of leachate flowing from the landfill into the leachate storage and treatment system.

     (iv)   A record of each incident in which radioactive material is detected in waste loads. The record shall include:

       (A)   The date, time and location of the occurrence.

       (B)   A brief narrative description of the occurrence.

       (C)   Specific information on the origin of the material, if known.

       (D)   A description of the radioactive material involved, if known.

       (E)   The name, address and telephone numbers of the supplier or handler of the radioactive material and the name of the driver.

       (F)   The final disposition of the material.

     (v)   A record of each vehicle, other than a combination, that exceeds 73,280 pounds gross weight and of each combination that exceeds 80,000 pounds gross weight.

       (A)   The record shall include:

         (I)   The gross weight of the vehicle when weighed at the facility.

         (II)   The registration plate number and home, or base state registration of the vehicle.

         (III)   The name, business address and telephone number of the owner of the vehicle.

         (IV)   The date that the weight scale was last tested in accordance with 3 Pa.C.S. Chapter 41 (relating to the Consolidated Weights and Measures Act).

         (V)   The date and time when the vehicle was weighed at the facility.

       (B)   For purposes of this subparagraph, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

   Combination—Two or more vehicles physically interconnected in tandem. An example of a combination is a truck trailer attached to a semitrailer.

   Gross weight—The combined weight of a vehicle or combination of vehicles and its load excluding the driver’s weight.

   Registration—The authority for a vehicle to operate on a highway as evidenced by the issuance of an identifying card and plate or plates.

 (c)  The operator shall maintain accurate operational records sufficient to determine whether residual waste is being stored under Chapter 299, Subchapter A (relating to standards for storage of residual waste).

 (d)  Daily and monthly operational records shall be retained for the life of the facility bond, or longer if determined by the Department to be necessary to meet the standards of the environmental protection acts. These records shall be made available to the Department upon request.

   The provisions of this §  288.281 issued under the Solid Waste Management Act (35 P. S. § §  6018.101—6018.1003); the Pennsylvania Used Oil Recycling Act (58 P. S. § §  471—480); The Clean Streams Law (35 P. S. § §  691.1—691.1001); sections 1905-A, 1917-A and 1920-A of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P. S. § §  510-5, 510-17 and 510-20); and the Municipal Waste Planning, Recycling and Waste Reduction Act (53 P. S. § §  4000.101—4000.1904); amended under sections 5(b) and 402 of The Clean Streams Law (35 P. S. § §  691.5(b) and 691.402); section 302 of the Municipal Waste Planning, Recycling and Waste Reduction Act (53 P. S. §  4000.302); section 408(e) of the Pennsylvania Used Oil Recycling Act (58 P. S. §  408(e)); sections 1905-A, 1917-A and 1920-A of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P. S. § §  510-5, 510-17 and 510-20); section 105(4) of the Waste Tire Recycling Act (35 P. S. §  6029.105(4)); sections 301 and 302 of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P. S. § §  7110.301 and 7110.302); the Infectious and Chemotherapeutic Waste Law (35 P. S. § §  6019.1—6019.6); and the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. §  4909(e).

 (a)  An operator shall submit to the Department an annual operation report by June 30 of each year.

 (b)  The annual operation report, which shall be submitted on a form supplied by the Department, shall include the following:

   (1)  The weight or volume of each type of solid waste received. For noncaptive facilities, the report shall include the average daily volume totals computed in accordance with §  288.221 (relating to daily volume).

   (2)  Unless otherwise provided by the Department in writing, a topographic survey map of the same scale, contour interval and grid system as the original site plans showing the following:

     (i)   The contours at the beginning and the end of the year.

     (ii)   The completed areas of the site as well as areas partially filled but not active during the previous year.

   (3)  A calculation of capacity used in the previous year and remaining permitted capacity.

   (4)  A description of the acerage used for disposal, the acreage seeded, the acreage that has been vegetated, the acreage where vegetation is permanently established and a narrative of the operator’s progress in implementing its closure plan.

   (5)  A current certificate of insurance as specified in §  287.373(a) (relating to proof of insurance coverage), evidencing continuous coverage for public liability insurance as required by §  287.371 (relating to insurance requirement).

   (6)  Changes in the previous year concerning the information required by § §  287.124 and 287.125 (relating to identification of interests; and compliance information). The report shall state if no changes have occurred.

   (7)  A change in the ownership of the land upon which the facility is located or a change in a lease agreement for the use of the land that may affect or alter the operator’s rights upon the land.

   (8)  Notification of critical stages of facility construction or operation that require certification by a registered professional engineer which will occur in the next year.

   (9)  A written update of the total bond liability for the facility under §  287.331 (relating to bond amount determination). If additional bonding is determined to be necessary, it shall be submitted to the Department within 90 days after the annual report is due.

   (10)  Certification that the operator has received the analysis or certification required by §  287.54 (relating to chemical analysis of waste) for each type of residual waste or special handling waste received at the facility, and that the residual waste or special handling waste that is received at the facility meets the conditions in the facility’s permit.

   (11)  For noncaptive facilities, the type and weight or volume of solid waste received from each generator, including the name, mailing address, county and state of each generator.

   (12)  A record of detected radioactive material.

 (c)  The annual operation report shall be accompanied by a nonrefundable annual permit administration fee of $4,600 in the form of a check payable to the ‘‘Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.’’

 (d)  The report shall include an evaluation of whether the monitoring plan implemented under this subchapter needs to be revised to comply with §  288.252 (relating to number, location and depth of monitoring points) because of changes in groundwater elevation or other reasons. If this evaluation determines that changes in the approved groundwater monitoring plan are necessary, the operator shall immediately notify the Department and submit an application for permit modification under §  287.222 (relating to permit modification) for necessary changes in the monitoring plan.

   The provisions of this §  288.283 issued under the Solid Waste Management Act (35 P. S. § §  6018.101—6018.1003); the Pennsylvania Used Oil Recycling Act (58 P. S. § §  471—480); The Clean Streams Law (35 P. S. § §  691.1—691.1001); sections 1905-A, 1917-A and 1920-A of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P. S. § §  510-5, 510-17 and 510-20); and the Municipal Waste Planning, Recycling and Waste Reduction Act (53 P. S. § §  4000.101—4000.1904); amended under sections 5(b) and 402 of The Clean Streams Law (35 P. S. § §  691.5(b) and 691.402); section 302 of the Municipal Waste Planning, Recycling and Waste Reduction Act (53 P. S. §  4000.302); section 408(e) of the Pennsylvania Used Oil Recycling Act (58 P. S. §  408(e)); sections 1905-A, 1917-A and 1920-A of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P. S. § §  510-5, 510-17 and 510-20); section 105(4) of the Waste Tire Recycling Act (35 P. S. §  6029.105(4)); sections 301 and 302 of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P. S. § §  7110.301 and 7110.302); the Infectious and Chemotherapeutic Waste Law (35 P. S. § §  6019.1—6019.6); and the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. §  4909(e).

   The provisions of this §  288.283 amended November 28, 1997, effective November 29, 1997, 27 Pa.B. 6190; amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (239022) to (239024).

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.281 (relating to daily operational records).

CLOSURE PROVISIONS

§ 288.291. Postclosure land use.

 (a)  The operator shall implement the closure plan approved by the Department under §  288.182 (relating to closure plan).

 (b)  At least 180 days before implementation of a closure plan, the operator shall review its approved closure plan to determine whether the plan requires modification, and shall submit proposed changes to the Department for approval under §  287.222 (relating to permit modification).

 (c)  If groundwater degradation exists at closure or occurs after closure, a person shall meet one of the following:

   (1)  Continue to implement an approved abatement plan.

   (2)  Submit an application for a closure plan modification in accordance with the procedures for a major permit modification. The operator shall select one or more remediation standards that will be met in accordance with the final closure certification requirements in §  287.342 (relating to final closure certification).

 (d)  An application for a closure plan modification shall include the following:

   (1)  Technical information and supporting documentation identifying the remediation activities that will be conducted to meet and maintain the remediation standards.

   (2)  If a remedy relies on access to or use of properties owned by third parties, for remediation or monitoring, documentation of cooperation or agreement.

   The provisions of this §  288.292 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (239024).

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN WASTES

§ 288.301. PCBs.

 (a)  Solid waste containing PCBs may not be disposed at a residual waste landfill if the disposal of the waste at a municipal waste landfill is prohibited by the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C.A. § §  2601—2629).

 (b)  Electrical transformers that contain or previously contained between 50 and 500 p.p.m. of PCBs may not be disposed until the equipment has been treated to meet either of the following:

   (1)  The transformer has been drained and rinsed.

   (2)  Free liquids have been removed from the transformer utilizing oil absorbent materials.

 (c)  The solvent used to rinse electrical equipment or the oil absorbent materials generated under subsection (b) shall be incinerated or disposed at a facility approved by the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act.

 (d)  The Department may impose additional requirements on the disposal of PCB-containing wastes at a residual waste landfill as the Department deems necessary to protect public health, safety, welfare and the environment.

   The provisions of this §  288.301 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (239024) to (239025).

 (a)  Friable asbestos-containing waste shall be covered immediately after deposition with at least 12 inches of nonasbestos containing cover material and compacted in accordance with the permit. Nonfriable asbestos-containing waste shall be covered within 24 hours of placement with at least 6 inches of nonasbestos containing cover material and compacted in accordance with the permit.

 (b)  Friable asbestos-containing waste may not be stored where residual waste landfill operations are being conducted. If insufficient cover material is available to meet the requirements of subsection (a), friable asbestos-containing waste may not be accepted or received at the facility.

 (c)  Friable asbestos-containing waste may not be mixed with other waste at the facility prior to being covered.

 (d)  The operator may not cause or allow visible emissions from areas where friable asbestos-containing waste is handled or disposed.

 (e)  The operator shall comply with the applicable provisions of 40 CFR 61.140—61.156 (relating to National emission standard for asbestos).

 (f)  Friable asbestos-containing waste may not be placed within 10 feet of the base of final cover.

 (g)  The operator shall establish a three dimensional grid or alternate system which can identify the disposal location of the friable asbestos-containing waste. These locations shall be recorded on a log and topographic map.

   The provisions of this §  288.302 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226643).

 The Department may impose other additional requirements on the storage or disposal of special handling wastes at a residual waste landfill that are necessary to protect public health, safety, welfare or the environment.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.193 (relating to plan for other special handling wastes).

Subchapter D. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS I RESIDUAL WASTE LANDFILLS

SCOPE

Sec.

§ 288.401. Scope.

 This subchapter sets forth additional application and operating requirements for Class I residual waste landfills.

ADDITIONAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

§ 288.411. General requirements.

 (a)  The application shall contain plans, drawings, cross sections and specifications for a liner system to demonstrate compliance with § §  288.431—288.440 (relating to additional operating requirements—liner system), including the following:

   (1)  The design of the liner system, including thickness and characteristics of the subbase, the thickness and characteristics of the leachate detection zone, the design for the leachate monitoring system in the leachate detection zone, the nature and thickness of the liner material, the thickness and characteristics of the protective cover and leachate collection zone, and the design for the leachate collection system in the collection zone.

   (2)  A plan for installing the liner system.

 (b)  The application shall include a quality assurance and quality control plan for the construction and installation of the liner system. The plan shall include the following:

   (1)  A description of the testing procedures and construction methods proposed to be implemented during construction of the liner system.

   (2)  A description of the manner in which the protective cover and liner system will be maintained and protected in unfilled portions of the disposal area prior to and during placement of the initial lift of solid waste.

   (3)  A description of the manner in which the protective cover and liner system will be protected from weather prior to and during placement of the initial lift of solid waste.

   (4)  A description of the qualifications of the quality assurance and quality control personnel, presented in terms of experience and training necessary to implement the plan.

   (5)  A sampling plan for every component of the liner system, including sample size, methods for determining sample locations, sampling frequency, acceptance and rejection criteria, and methods for ensuring that corrective measures are implemented as soon as possible.

   (6)  A plan for documenting compliance with the quality assurance and quality control plan.

 (c)  The application shall demonstrate that leachate will not adversely affect the physical or chemical characteristics of the proposed liner system, or inhibit the liner’s ability to restrict the flow of solid waste, solid waste constituents or leachate, based on EPA or ASTM guidelines approved by the Department.

 (d)  The application shall include a complete description of the physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties for the proposed primary and secondary liners, based on ASTM methods when appropriate. Except to the extent that the Department waives in writing one or more of the following for nonsynthetic secondary liners, these properties include:

   (1)  Thickness.

   (2)  Tensile strength at yield.

   (3)  Elongation at yield.

   (4)  Elongation at break.

   (5)  Density.

   (6)  Tear resistance.

   (7)  Carbon black content.

   (8)  Puncture resistance.

   (9)  Seam strength—% of liner strength.

   (10)  Ultraviolet light resistance.

   (11)  Carbon black dispersion.

   (12)  Permeability.

   (13)  Liner friction.

   (14)  Stress crack resistance.

   (15)  Oxidative induction time.

   (16)  Chemical compatibility.

   (17)  Percent recycled materials.

   The provisions of this §  288.412 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226645) to (226646).

 (a)  An application shall contain a plan for leachate treatment from the proposed facility in a manner that complies with § §  288.451—288.457 (relating to additional operating requirements—leachate treatment). The plan shall include the following:

   (1)  An estimate of the quality and quantity of leachate to be produced annually by the facility, based on the water balance method set forth in ‘‘Use of Water Balance Method for Predicting Leachate Generation from Solid Waste Disposal Sites’’ United States EPA SW-168 (1975), or another method of accurately projecting leachate flows that is approved by the Department, in writing. The estimate shall include the 30-day leachate volume and average flow rate for each month of the year. A separate estimate shall be submitted for anticipated leachate generation at the end of 5-year increments of operation for 20 years, or until closure, whichever date is earlier. For existing facilities, current leachate generation shall be included with this separate estimate.

   (2)  Plans, designs and cross sections for the proposed collection and handling system.

   (3)  Plans, designs and cross sections for onsite leachate treatment or disposal systems, including tanks and impoundments that are proposed to be used or constructed for storage, pretreatment or treatment of leachate from the facility.

   (4)  If an onsite treatment system already in operation is proposed to treat leachate from the facility, a description of the system, including its NPDES permit number, its capability to treat leachate from the facility and its compliance status under The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder.

 (b)  If interim vehicular transportation to an offsite treatment facility is proposed, the applicant shall do the following:

   (1)  Provide a copy of a signed contractual agreement with the operator of a primary offsite facility that provides for treatment of leachate at the facility, and which covers the period of time that offsite treatment will be provided; or provide a signed letter of intent from the operator of the offsite facility to enter a contractual agreement for leachate treatment if the permit application is approved by the Department.

   (2)  Provide a copy of a signed contractual agreement with the operator of a second offsite treatment facility that provides for backup treatment of leachate at the second treatment facility if leachate cannot be treated by the primary treatment facility operator; or provide a signed letter of intent from the operator of the second offsite facility to enter a contractual agreement if the permit application is approved by the Department.

   (3)  Submit additional bond to the Department in an amount sufficient to pay for the cost of vehicular transportation and offsite leachate treatment until final closure, if the landfill operator fails to provide offsite treatment that is consistent with the permit, the act and this chapter.

   (4)  Submit plans, designs and cross sections for an onsite pretreatment facility as required by §  288.453(b)(1) (relating to leachate transportation).

 (c)  If recirculation of raw or pretreated leachate is proposed in conjunction with another method, the application shall describe the following:

   (1)  The proposed leachate distribution method over the filled area, including designs and cross sections.

   (2)  Methods that will be used to prevent leachate seeps and breakouts.

   (3)  Methods that will be used to prevent odors, runoff and ponding.

 (d)  The application shall also contain a schedule and method for cleaning sludges from the leachate storage and treatment system, and a plan for disposing of the sludges.

 (a)  If a problem identified in §  288.457 (relating to Departmental notice and remedial action) occurs, the operator shall submit to the Department, within 60 days, a permit modification application under §  287.222 (relating to permit modification), with plans, designs and cross sections to modify its leachate treatment plan.

 (b)  The Department may approve permit modification applications under §  287.222 to extend, by 1 year at a time, the 3-year limitation for leachate transportation in §  288.453(a) (relating to leachate transportation), if the following apply:

   (1)  The applicant complies with §  288.413(b) (relating to leachate treatment plan).

   (2)  The applicant has obtained necessary permits to construct and operate a leachate treatment system under §  288.452 (relating to basic treatment methods).

   (3)  Leachate transportation from the facility has not caused or contributed to violations of the terms or conditions of the permit.

   (4)  The applicant has a valid contract for the treatment of leachate at an offsite treatment facility for the 1-year term of the proposed permit modification.

   (5)  The offsite treatment facility to which leachate would be transported is operating in compliance with The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder, and is otherwise capable of accepting and treating leachate from the landfill.

   (6)  The landfill has a remaining permitted life, based on permitted capacity, of at least 3 years.

 In addition to the application requirements in Subchapter B (relating to application requirements), the application shall demonstrate that any waste that is proposed to be disposed of at the facility complies with §  288.423 (relating to minimum requirements for acceptable waste).

ADDITIONAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS—GENERAL

§ 288.421. Basic limitations.

 (a)  Except for areas that were permitted prior to July 4, 1992, Class I residual waste landfills may not be operated as follows:

   (1)  In the 100-year floodplain of waters of this Commonwealth.

   (2)  In or within 300 feet of an exceptional value wetland.

   (3)  In or within 100 feet of a wetland other than an exceptional value wetland, unless storage, processing and disposal will not occur within that distance and one of the following is true:

     (i)   If the operation is in or along the wetland, the operator has received a permit from the Department under Chapter 105 (relating to dam safety and waterway management).

     (ii)   If the operation is not in or along the wetland, no adverse hydrologic or water quality impacts will result.

   (4)  In coal bearing areas underlain by recoverable or mineable coals unless the permittee owns the underlying coal.

   (5)  In a valley, ravine or head of hollow where the operation would result in the elimination, pollution or destruction of a portion of a perennial stream, except that rechanneling may be allowed as provided in Chapter 105.

   (6)  In areas underlain by limestone or carbonate formations where the formations are greater than 5 feet in thickness and present at the topmost geologic unit. The areas include an area mapped by the Pennsylvania Geological Survey as underlain by these formations, unless competent geologic studies demonstrate the absence of sinkhole development and sinkhole-prone limestone and carbonate formations.

   (7)  If occupied dwellings are nearby, the following apply:

     (i)   Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), a residual waste landfill may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner thereof has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility being closer than 300 feet. Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), the disposal area of a residual waste landfill may not be within 500 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner thereof has provided a written waiver consenting to the disposal area being closer than 500 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

     (ii)   For a permitted noncaptive residual waste landfill that was operating and not closed as of January 13, 2001, an expansion permitted on or after January 13, 2001, may not be operated within 900 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless one or both of the following conditions are met:

       (A)   The owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility or disposal area being closer than 900 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

       (B)   The applicant owned or entered into an enforceable option contract to purchase the land on which the expansion would operate on or before January 13, 2001, and still holds the option rights, still owns the land or owns the land pursuant to the option rights contract when the permit expansion is issued. Even if the requirement of this subparagraph is met, the expansion may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling and the disposal area may not be within 500 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling.

     (iii)   A new, noncaptive residual waste landfill, permitted on or after January 13, 2001, may not be operated within 900 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility being closer than 900 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner. A closed, noncaptive landfill that submits an application to reopen and expand shall also be subject to this paragraph.

     (iv)   Notwithstanding the prohibitions in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), an access road to a residual waste landfill may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the access road being closer than 300 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

   (8)  Within 100 feet of a perennial stream unless storage, processing and disposal will not occur within that distance and no adverse hydrologic or water quality impacts will result.

   (9)  Within 100 feet of a property line, unless one of the following applies:

     (i)   Actual disposal will not occur within that distance.

     (ii)   The owner has provided a written consent to the facility being closer than 100 feet. The waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

   (10)  Within 1/4 mile upgradient and within 300 feet downgradient of a private or public water source, for disposal, processing and storage areas, except that the Department may waive or modify these isolation distances if the operator demonstrates and the Department finds, in writing, that the following conditions have been met:

     (i)   The owners of the public and private water sources in the isolation area have consented, in writing, to the location of the proposed facility.

     (ii)   The operator and each water source owner have agreed, in writing, that the applicant will construct and maintain at the operator’s expense a permanent alternative water supply of like quantity and quality at no additional cost to the water source owner if the existing source is adversely affected by the facility.

     (iii)   The applicant has demonstrated that a replacement water source is technically and economically feasible and readily available for every public or private water source in the isolation area.

   (11)  If the facility receives or proposes to receive putrescible waste the following apply:

     (i)   Within 10,000 feet—or 3,048 meters—of an airport runway that is or will be used by turbine-powered aircraft during the life of disposal operations under the permit.

     (ii)   Within 5,000 feet—or 1,524 meters—of an airport runway that is or will be end used by piston-type aircraft during the life of disposal operations under the permit.

     (iii)   For areas permitted on or after January 13, 2001, in a manner in which any portion of the landfill would be an obstruction to air navigation under 14 CFR 77.23(a)(5) (relating to standards for determining obstructions).

   (12)  If a school, park or playground is nearby, the following apply:

     (i)   Except for an expansion of a noncaptive residual waste landfill permit issued prior to January 13, 2001, for a noncaptive residual waste landfill permit issued on or after January 13, 2001, within 300 yards of the following:

       (A)   A building which is owned by a school district or school and used for instructional purposes.

       (B)   A park.

       (C)   A playground.

     (ii)   The current property owner of a school building, park or playground may waive the 300-yard prohibition by signing a written waiver. Upon receipt of the waiver, the Department will waive the 300-yard prohibition and will not use the prohibition as the basis for the denial of a new permit.

 (b)  The Department may waive or modify one or more of the isolation distances in subsection (a)(1), (5), (7), (8) and (10) for expansions of captive facilities if the operator of the captive facility demonstrates the following to the Department’s satisfaction:

   (1)  The captive facility was permitted prior to July 4, 1992, or was permitted after July 4, 1992, if the Department determined the permit application for the facility to be administratively complete prior to July 4, 1992.

   (2)  The captive facility routinely and regularly disposed of residual waste on and after July 4, 1992.

   (3)  The expansion of the captive facility solely includes land which is contigous to the captive facility.

   (4)  The expansion of the captive facility solely includes land which is owned by the applicant on July 4, 1992.

   (5)  No other site is available on contiguous land for the expansion of the captive facility.

   (6)  The expansion of the captive facility will be designed and operated to ensure that the facility does not harm public health, safety, welfare or the environment.

 (c)  Nothing in subsection (b) authorizes the expansion of a captive facility onto land which is located closer to an occupied dwelling than the facility is located prior to the expansion.

 (d)  Except as provided in subsection (e), this section does not apply to features that may come into existence after the date of the first newspaper notice of the filing of a permit application under §  287.151 (relating to public notice by applicant).

 (e)  This section does not apply to features that may come into existence after the date of the first newspaper notice under this subsection if the following apply:

   (1)  The person or municipality publishes a notice of intent to file an application for a residual waste landfill permit. The notice, which is separate from the newspaper notice required by §  287.151, shall be published once a week for 3 consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the area where the facility is proposed to be located. The notice shall include a brief description of the location and proposed operation of the facility.

   (2)  The person or municipality files an administratively complete application under §  287.202 (relating to completeness review) with the Department within 1 year from the date of the first newspaper notice under this subsection.

 (f)  The Department may waive the isolation distances in this section for areas that were included in the permit area of a permit application that was determined by the Department to be administratively complete before July 4, 1992.

   The provisions of this §  288.422 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226649) to (226651).

 (a)  A person or municipality may not dispose of residual waste at a Class I residual waste landfill unless the waste meets the following criteria:

   (1)  Neither the residual waste nor leachate from the waste will adversely affect the ability of the liner system to prevent groundwater degradation.

   (2)  Leachate generated from the residual waste will be treated by the facility’s leachate treatment system under applicable laws and in a manner that will protect public health, safety and the environment.

   (3)  The residual waste will not react, combine or otherwise interact with other waste that is or will be disposed at the facility in a manner that will adversely affect the ability of the liner system to prevent groundwater degradation.

   (4)  Except to the extent that leachate recirculation is allowed in the permit, residual waste may not be bulk or noncontainerized liquid waste. Containers holding free liquids may not be accepted unless the container is less than 1 gallon in size, except as otherwise provided in the permit.

   (5)  The residual waste may not be allowed to react, combine or otherwise interact with other waste or materials in a way that endangers public health, safety and welfare or the environment by generating extreme heat or pressure, fire or explosion, or toxic mists, fumes, dusts or vapors. The potential for interaction shall be determined using the procedure in the EPA’s ‘‘A Method for Determining the Compatibility of Hazardous Wastes’’ (EPA-600/2-80-076)—available through the Department or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), United States Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA. 22161—or another equivalent method approved by the Department in the permit.

   (6)  The physical characteristics of this waste will not cause or contribute to structural instability or other operating problems at the site.

 (b)  A person or municipality may not dispose of municipal waste or special handling waste at a Class I residual waste landfill, except that the Department may, in the permit, approve the storage or disposal of the following types of waste generated by the operator:

   (1)  Industrial lunchroom or office waste.

   (2)  Special handling waste, other than sewage sludge, infectious or chemotherapeutic waste, waste oil or ash residue from the incineration of municipal waste.

   (3)  Construction/demolition waste.

 (c)  A person or municipality may not dispose of hazardous waste at a Class I residual waste landfill unless all of the following are met:

   (1)  Disposal of the waste at a residual waste landfill is authorized by Article VII (relating to hazardous waste management).

   (2)  The Department approves of the disposal of the waste at the residual waste landfill in the permit.

 (d)  A person or municipality may not dispose of solid waste at a Class I residual waste landfill if the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C.A. § §  2601—2629) prohibits the disposal of the solid waste at the residual waste landfill.

   The provisions of this §  288.423 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226651) to (226653).

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.132 (relating to operation plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.203 (relating to waste analysis); 25 Pa. Code §  288.415 (relating to waste classification plan); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.421 (relating to basic limitations).

ADDITIONAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS—LINER SYSTEM

§ 288.431. Scope and requirements.

 (a)  A person or municipality operating a Class I residual waste landfill shall design, construct, operate and maintain a liner system for disposal areas of a residual waste landfill or components thereof under this section and § §  288.432—288.440.

 (b)  The liner system for a Class I residual waste landfill shall include the following elements:

   (1)  The subbase, which is the prepared layer of soil or earthen materials upon which the remainder of the liner system is constructed.

   (2)  The secondary liner, which is a continuous layer of synthetic materials or remolded clay placed on the subbase.

   (3)  The leachate detection zone, which is the prepared layer placed on top of the secondary liner and upon which the primary liner is placed, and in which a leachate detection system is located.

   (4)  The primary liner, which is a continuous layer of synthetic materials placed on the leachate detection zone.

   (5)  The protective cover and leachate collection zone, which is a prepared layer placed over the primary liner in which a leachate collection system is located.

 (c)  Either the primary liner or the secondary liner shall be a composite liner, which is a continuous layer of synthetic materials over earthen materials.

 (a)  The bottom of the subbase of the liner system cannot be in contact with the seasonal high water table or perched water table without the use of groundwater pumping systems.

   (1)  Soil mottling may indicate the presence of a seasonal high water table.

   (2)  Drainage systems may be utilized to prevent contact between the bottom of the subbase of the liner system and the seasonal high water table or perched water table. The operator may not use a drainage system if the system is likely to adversely affect the quality or quantity of water provided by a public or private water supply, even if a replacement supply is available under §  288.245 (relating to water supply replacement). The drainage system shall be limited to drain tile, piping, french drains or equivalent methods.

 (b)  For unconfined aquifers, at least 8 feet shall be maintained between the bottom of the subbase of the liner system and the regional groundwater table. The regional groundwater table may not be artificially lowered.

 (c)  For confined aquifers, at least 8 feet shall be maintained between the bottom of the subbase of the liner system and the top of the confining layer or the shallowest level below the bottom of the subbase where groundwater occurs as a result of upward leakage from natural or other preexisting causes. The integrity of the confining layer may not be compromised by excavation.

 (d)  If the approved design plans provide for the placement of additional adjacent liner, the following apply:

   (1)  Waste may not be placed within 25 feet of an edge of the liner.

   (2)  The edge of the liner shall be protected by approved soil cover, or another material approved in the permit, until additional liner is added.

   (3)  A lined berm at least 4 feet high shall be constructed and maintained to prevent the lateral escape of leachate.

   (4)  Adequate spacing shall be maintained on the inside of the berm to collect stormwater and sediment.

 (e)  If the approved design plans do not provide for the placement of additional adjacent liner, waste may not be placed within 15 feet of the inside top of the lined perimeter berm.

 (f)  A lined perimeter berm at least 4 feet high shall be constructed and maintained along the edge of the lined disposal area to prevent the lateral escape of leachate.

 (g)  The edge of the liner shall be clearly marked.

   The provisions of this §  288.432 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226653) to (226654).

 (a)  The subbase shall meet the following performance standards. The subbase shall:

   (1)  Bear the weight of the liner system, waste, waste cover material and equipment operating on the facility without causing or allowing failure of the liner system.

   (2)  Accommodate potential settlement without damage to the liner system.

   (3)  Be a barrier to the transmission of liquids.

   (4)  Cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the subbase shall meet the following design requirements. The subbase shall:

   (1)  Consist of an upper 6 inches that is:

     (i)   Compacted to a standard proctor density of at least 95%.

     (ii)   No more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-5 cm/sec., based on laboratory and field testing, unless the clay component of a composite liner is located directly above the subbase.

     (iii)   Hard, uniform, smooth and free of debris, rock fragments, plant materials and other foreign material.

   (2)  Have a postsettlement slope of at least 2% and no more than 33%.

   The provisions of this §  288.433 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226654) to (226655).

 (a)  General. The secondary liner shall meet the following requirements:

   (1)  The secondary liner shall prevent the migration of leachate through the liner to the greatest degree that is technologically possible.

   (2)  The effectiveness of the secondary liner in preventing the migration of leachate may not be adversely affected by the physical or chemical characteristics of solid waste, solid waste constituents or leachate from the facility.

   (3)  The secondary liner shall be resistant to physical failure, chemical failure and other failure from the sources identified under §  288.412(d) (relating to liner system and leachate control plan).

   (4)  The secondary liner shall cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Alternative design requirements. Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the secondary liner shall meet, at the minimum, the requirements of Appendix A, Table I (relating to minimum liner design standards).

 (c)  Requirements. A secondary liner shall:

   (1)  Be no more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-7 cm/sec. based on laboratory testing. For nonsynthetic liners, field testing shall also be conducted.

   (2)  Be installed, if the liner is synthetic, according to manufacturer’s specifications under the supervision of an authorized representative of the manufacturer. An approved quality assurance and quality control plan shall be implemented in the field during the installation of the liner.

   (3)  Be designed, installed and maintained, if the liners are remolded clay, according to a quality assurance and quality control plan approved by the Department for remolded clay liners.

   (4)  Be inspected for uniformity, damage and imperfections during construction and installation.

 (d)  Compacted lifts. Secondary liners made of clay, bentonite and bentonite-like materials shall be constructed in compacted lifts not exceeding 6 inches in depth. A lift shall be scarified before placement of the next lift.

 (e)  Composite secondary liner.

   (1)  If the operator does not design, construct, operate and maintain a composite primary liner, the operator shall design, construct, operate and maintain a composite secondary liner which has the following components:

     (i)   An upper component made of a manufactured geosynthetic liner that meets the requirements of this section independently of the composite component.

     (ii)   A composite component made of earthen material that meets the requirements of this section independently of the upper component, except that the composite component shall be no more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-6 cm/sec. based on laboratory and field testing.

   (2)  The two components of the composite liner shall be designed, constructed and maintained to provide a compression connection, or direct continuous contact, between them.

   (3)  The use of a composite secondary liner does not relieve the operator of responsibility for a separate primary liner under §  288.436 (relating to primary liner).

 (f)  Natural attenuation of leachate prohibited. A facility or a component thereof that is subject to this section may not have a secondary liner based upon natural attenuation of leachate.

   The provisions of this §  288.434 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226655) to (226656).

 (a)  The leachate detection zone shall meet the following performance standards. The leachate detection zone shall:

   (1)  Rapidly detect and collect liquid entering the leachate detection zone, and rapidly transmit the liquid to the leachate treatment system.

   (2)  Withstand chemical attack from waste or leachate.

   (3)  Withstand anticipated loads, stresses and disturbances from overlying waste, waste cover materials and equipment operation.

   (4)  Function without clogging.

   (5)  Prevent the liner from puncturing, cracking, tearing, stretching or otherwise losing its physical integrity.

   (6)  Cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the leachate detection zone of a liner system shall meet the following design requirements:

   (1)  Be at least 12 inches thick.

   (2)  Contain no material exceeding 0.5 inches in particle size.

   (3)  Create a flow zone between the secondary liner and the primary liner equal to or more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-2 cm/sec. based on a laboratory testing and, when required by the Department, field testing.

   (4)  Contain a perforated piping system capable of detecting and intercepting liquid within the leachate detection zone and conveying the liquid to a collection sump for storage, processing or disposal. The sump shall be separate from the leachate collection sump, and shall be of a sufficient size to transmit leachate that is generated.

   (5)  The piping system shall also meet the following requirements:

     (i)   The slope, size and spacing of the piping system shall assure that liquids drain from the leachate detection zone.

     (ii)   The pipes shall be installed primarily perpendicular to the flow and shall have a minimum postsettlement grade of at least 2%.

     (iii)   The minimum diameter of the perforated pipe shall be 4 inches with a wall thickness of Schedule-80 or greater, as specified by ASTM, or equivalent.

     (iv)   The pipes shall be cleaned and maintained as necessary.

   (6)  The leachate detection zone shall have a minimum bottom slope of 2%.

   (7)  The system shall contain noncarbonate stone or aggregates with no sharp edges.

 (c)  The operator shall monitor the leachate detection zone weekly to determine whether liquid is flowing from the zone.

 (d)  If the liquid is flowing from the leachate detection zone, the operator shall immediately:

   (1)  Notify the Department in writing.

   (2)  Estimate, on a weekly basis, the volume of liquid flowing from the zone.

   (3)  Sample and analyze the liquid, on a quarterly basis for pH, specific conductivity, total organic carbon and chlorides. The Department may also require sampling and analysis for other constituents expected to be found in the waste.

   (4)  Provide written copies of flow and analysis data to the Department.

 (e)  If leachate flow is greater than 100 gallons per acre of lined collection area per day or more than 10% of leachate generation, the operator shall:

   (1)  Submit to the Department within 30 days a plan for locating the source of leachate in the leachate detection zone, and for determining the severity and cause of leachate penetration.

   (2)  Implement the plan upon Department approval, and complete the plan in a reasonable time not to exceed 6 months.

   (3)  Submit to the Department within 45 days after completion of the plan a report containing the new data collected, analysis of the data and recommendations concerning a remedial plan.

   (4)  Conduct quarterly sampling and analysis for the parameters in §  288.254(a)(1) (relating to sampling and analysis), and submit copies of the results of the analysis to the Department.

 (f)  If sampling results indicate the presence of constituents at concentrations that could result in groundwater degradation at a monitoring well, the operator shall:

   (1)  Submit to the Department a remedial plan for controlling the source of leachate in the leachate detection zone and correcting a malfunction or defect in the liner system, and implement the plan upon Department approval.

   (2)  Submit to the Department a permit modification application under §  287.222 (relating to permit modification) for increased groundwater monitoring, giving consideration to monitoring frequency, number of wells and other factors, and conduct increased groundwater monitoring upon Department approval of the application.

   The provisions of this §  288.435 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226656) to (226658).

 (a)  General. The primary liner shall meet the following requirements:

   (1)  The primary liner shall prevent the migration of leachate through the liner to the greatest degree that is technologically possible.

   (2)  The effectiveness of the primary liner in preventing the migration of leachate may not be adversely affected by the physical or chemical characteristics of solid waste, solid waste constituents or leachate from the facility.

   (3)  The primary liner shall be resistant to physical failure, chemical failure and other failure from the properties identified under §  288.412(d) (relating to liner system and leachate control plan).

   (4)  The primary liner shall cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Alternative design standards. Unless alternative design standards to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the primary liner shall meet, at the minimum, the requirements of Appendix A, Table I (relating to minimum liner design standards).

 (c)  Requirements. A primary liner shall:

   (1)  Be no more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-7 cm/sec. based on laboratory testing.

   (2)  Be installed according to the manufacturer’s specifications under the supervision of an authorized representative of the manufacturer. The approved quality control program shall be implemented in the field during the installation of the liner.

   (3)  Be inspected for uniformity, damage and imperfections during construction or installation.

 (d)  Composite primary liner.

   (1)  If the operator does not design, construct, operate and maintain a composite secondary liner, the operator shall design, construct, operate and maintain a composite primary liner which has the following requirements:

     (i)   An upper component made of a manufactured geosynthetic liner that meets the requirements of this section independently of the composite component.

     (ii)   A composite component made of earthen material that meets the requirements of §  288.434 (relating to secondary liner) independently of the upper component, except that the composite component shall be no more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-6 cm/sec. based on laboratory and field testing.

   (2)  The two components of the composite liner shall be designed, constructed and maintained to provide a compression connection, or direct continuous contact between them.

   (3)  The use of a composite primary liner does not relieve the operator of responsibility for a separate secondary liner under §  288.434.

 (e)  Natural attenuation of leachate prohibited. Except as provided in subsection (d), a facility or a component thereof that is subject to this section may not have a primary liner made of clay or earthen material or a primary liner based upon natural attenuation of leachate.

   The provisions of this §  288.436 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226658) to (226659).

 (a)  The protective cover shall meet the following performance standards. The protective cover shall:

   (1)  Protect the primary liner from physical damage from stresses and disturbances from overlying wastes, waste cover materials and equipment operation.

   (2)  Protect the leachate collection system within the protective cover from stresses and disturbances from overlying wastes, waste cover materials and equipment operation.

   (3)  Allow the continuous and free flow of leachate into the leachate collection system within the protective cover.

   (4)  Cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the protective cover shall meet the following design requirements. The protective cover shall be:

   (1)  Comprised of clean earthen material that contains no aggregate, rocks, debris, plant material or other solid material larger than 1/2 inch in diameter, and no material with sharp edges.

   (2)  Graded, uniformly compacted and smooth.

   (3)  As permeable as, or more permeable than, 1.0 x 10^-2 cm/sec. based on laboratory testing, and shall allow the free flow of liquids and leachate passing through or generated by solid waste. Field testing shall also be conducted if required by the Department.

   (4)  At least 18 inches in thickness.

 (a)  The leachate collection system within the protective cover shall meet the following performance standards. The leachate collection system shall:

   (1)  Ensure that free flowing liquids and leachate will drain continuously from the protective cover to the leachate treatment system without ponding or accumulating on the liner.

   (2)  Ensure that the depth of leachate on or above the primary liner does not exceed 1 foot.

   (3)  Withstand chemical attack from leachate.

   (4)  Withstand anticipated loads, stresses and disturbances from overlying waste, waste cover materials and equipment operation.

   (5)  Function without clogging.

   (6)  Cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the leachate collection system with the protective cover shall comply with the following design requirements:

   (1)  The leachate collection system shall include a perforated piping system which is capable of intercepting free flowing liquids and leachate within the protective cover and conveying them to a collection sump for storage, processing or disposal. The collection sump shall be of a sufficient size to transmit leachate that is generated and shall be capable of automatic and continuous functioning.

   (2)  The perforated piping system shall be sloped, sized and spaced to assure that free flowing liquids and leachate will drain continuously from the protective cover to the collection sump or point.

   (3)  The minimum diameter of the perforated pipes shall be 6 inches with a wall thickness of Schedule 80 or greater as specified by ASTM, or equivalent.

   (4)  The leachate collection system shall contain stones or aggregates.

   (5)  The pipes shall be installed primarily perpendicular to the flow and shall have a minimum postsettlement grade of at least 2%.

   (6)  The leachate collection system shall be cleaned and maintained as necessary.

   (7)  The leachate collection system shall have a minimum bottom slope of 2%.

   The provisions of this §  288.438 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226660) to (226661).

 (a)  For Class I residual waste landfills in surface mined areas in which the disposal area abuts a vertical highwall, the operator shall design, construct and maintain a barrier between the highwall and the disposal area that meets the following performance standards:

   (1)  The barrier shall prevent the lateral migration of leachate from the disposal area.

   (2)  The effectiveness of the barrier in preventing the lateral migration of leachate may not be adversely affected by solid waste, solid waste constituents or leachate from the facility.

   (3)  The barrier shall meet the requirements of §  288.261(a) (relating to mineral resources).

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the barrier shall meet the following design requirements. The barrier shall be:

   (1)  Twelve horizontal feet in thickness.

   (2)  No more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-7 cm/sec. based on laboratory and field testing.

   (3)  Made of clay as specified in Appendix A, Table I (relating to minimum liner design standards).

 (c)  The barrier shall be designed, installed and maintained according to a quality assurance and quality control plan approved by the Department.

 (d)  The barrier shall be inspected for uniformity, damage and imperfections during construction and installation.

 The first 8 feet of solid waste placed on the protective cover may not contain material capable of penetrating or puncturing the protective cover.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  287.114 (relating to interim operational requirements for unpermitted processing or disposal facilities); 25 Pa. Code §  287.116 (relating to interim operational requirements); 25 Pa. Code §  288.412 (relating to liner system and leachate control plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.421 (relating to basic limitations); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.431 (relating to scope and requirements).

ADDITIONAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS—LEACHATE TREATMENT

§ 288.451. Scope.

 A person or municipality operating a Class I residual waste landfill shall comply with this section and § §  288.452—288.457.

 (a)  Except as otherwise provided in this section, leachate shall be collected and handled by direct discharge into a permitted publicly-owned treatment works, following pretreatment, if pretreatment is required by Federal, State or local law, or by discharge into another permitted treatment facility.

 (b)  Leachate may be collected and handled by onsite treatment and discharge into a receiving stream under a permit issued by the Department under The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder, if the Department approves this method in the permit.

 (c)  Leachate may be collected and handled by spray irrigation following treatment. This method will not be allowed unless, at a minimum, the following apply:

   (1)  Discharge into a publicly-owned treatment works or other permitted treatment facility is not practicable.

   (2)  Discharge of treated leachate into a receiving stream in a manner consistent with The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder is not attainable.

   (3)  Spray irrigation will not cause air or water pollution.

 (d)  If the leachate is hazardous, it shall be managed in accordance with Article VII (relating to hazardous waste management).

 (a)  For the first 3 years following initial discharge of leachate into the collection and handling system, leachate may be handled by vehicular transportation to, and leachate treatment at, an offsite treatment facility. Except as provided in §  288.414 (relating to modification of leachate treatment plan), the operator shall operate a leachate collection and treatment facility as provided in §  288.452 (relating to basic treatment methods) within 3 years following the detection of leachate in the collection or handling system.

 (b)  Vehicular transportation of leachate to an offsite treatment facility will not be allowed unless the following requirements are met:

   (1)  Prior to the disposal of waste at the facility, the operator has in place at the site a permitted and fully operational system for fully pretreating the leachate in accordance with applicable pretreatment requirements of the primary and backup offsite treatment facilities.

   (2)  One of the following applies:

     (i)   Direct discharge into a publicly-owned treatment works or other permitted treatment facility is attainable within 3 years.

     (ii)   Discharge of treated leachate into a receiving stream in a manner consistent with The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder is attainable within 3 years.

   (3)  A leachate recirculation system under §  288.454 (relating to leachate recirculation) is constructed and fully operational.

   (4)  The landfill operator has a valid contract for the treatment of leachate at an offsite treatment facility for up to 3 years. The contract shall prohibit the treatment facility operator from refusing to treat leachate without 6 months’ advance written notice to the landfill operator.

   (5)  The offsite treatment facility to which the leachate would be transported is operating in compliance with The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder, and is otherwise authorized and capable of accepting and treating leachate from the landfill.

 (c)  If the operator loses the ability to dispose at the facility and is unable to secure an alternate offsite treatment facility acceptable to the Department within 15 days from the loss of its approved treatment facility, implementation of the treatment plan required by §  288.452 shall begin immediately.

 (d)  If the operator cannot immediately implement a treatment plan under §  288.452 to comply with this article, The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder, and cannot locate an alternative offsite treatment facility with 15 days, the operator shall cease accepting waste at the facility for storage, processing or disposal. Cessation shall continue until the operator obtains an acceptable means of treating its leachate from the facility.

 (e)  Notwithstanding other provisions of this subchapter, the operator shall have in place at the site a permitted and fully operational system for fully treating leachate at least 3 full years before closure of the facility.

 (a)  In conjunction with the treatment methods in § §  288.452 and 288.453 (relating to basic treatment methods; and leachate transportation), recirculation of leachate generated at the facility may be utilized if the following exist:

   (1)  The area subject to leachate recirculation previously has been filled with solid waste.

   (2)  There is sufficient residual waste capacity to absorb the leachate.

   (3)  The area subject to leachate recirculation is underlain by a leachate collection system.

   (4)  Leachate recirculation is conducted with an approved piping system located under the intermediate cover, and causes no odors, runoff or ponding.

   (5)  The leachate is not a hazardous waste.

 (b)  An alternative leachate recirculation method may be used if approved by the Department.

   The provisions of this §  288.454 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (255105).

 (a)  Impoundments or tanks for storing leachate before or during treatment shall be constructed in accordance with § §  299.122, 299.142 and 299.145 (relating to storage tanks; general requirements; and failure).

 (b)  An onsite leachate storage system shall be part of each leachate treatment method used by the operator. The storage system shall contain impoundments or tanks for storage of leachate. For noncaptive facilities, the tanks or impoundments shall have a storage capacity at least equal to the maximum expected production of leachate for a 30-day period for the life of the facility estimated under §  288.413 (relating to leachate treatment plan). For captive facilities, the tank or impoundment shall have sufficient storage capacity to ensure proper operation of the treatment facility in accordance with the approved leachate treatment plan and shall meet the performance standard in §  288.438(a)(2) (relating to leachate collection system within protective cover). No more than 25% of the total leachate storage capacity may be used for flow equalization on a regular basis.

 (c)  The impoundments or tanks shall be aerated as necessary to prevent and control odors. Impoundments or tanks shall each have a capacity of at least 250,000 gallons, unless otherwise approved by the Department.

 (d)  The storage capacity of impoundments and tanks at a site shall be increased, if additional storage is required, prior to each major phase of construction and as otherwise necessary.

 (e)  Leachate storage capacity may not be considered to include leachate that may have collected in or on the liner system.

 (f)  Necessary collection and containment systems shall be installed prior to the deposition of solid waste at the site. The leachate treatment or handling system approved by the Department under §  288.413 shall be installed or ready for use prior to the storage or disposal of solid waste at the site.

 (g)  For areas permitted after January 13, 2001, all underground pipes used for the transport of leachate from the liner system to the leachate storage impoundments or tanks shall be equipped with secondary containment or comply with the requirements in §  245.445 (relating to methods for release detection for piping). Secondary containment shall be designed, constructed and installed to direct any release to an area that can be inspected for leaks.

   The provisions of this §  288.455 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (255105) to (255106).

 (a)  Upon commencement of leachate flow from the facility, the operator shall sample, analyze and maintain a record of the following:

   (1)  On a daily basis, the average flow rate and volume of leachate flowing from the landfill into the leachate storage and treatment system.

   (2)  On a quarterly basis, unless otherwise specified in the permit the chemical composition of leachate flowing into the leachate treatment system. The analysis shall be sufficient to determine the impact of leachate on the liner system, the effectiveness of the leachate treatment system, the need for modification of the groundwater monitoring system or the effluent limitations in an NPDES permit, and the actual characteristics of leachate from the waste disposed at the facility. For the purpose of this analysis, the leachate sample shall be collected from the influent storage tank or impoundment and shall be representative of the average mixed influent leachate quality.

 (b)  Sludges resulting from the treatment of leachate may be disposed at the facility if the sludges are not hazardous under Article VII (relating to hazardous waste management).

 The operator shall immediately notify the Department and describe remedial steps to be taken if:

   (1)  Operation of the treatment facilities in accordance with the approved plan cannot prevent violation of the terms of its permits, The Clean Streams Law or regulations thereunder.

   (2)  The facility is generating a quality or quantity of leachate that exceeds the design capacity of the onsite pretreatment system.

   (3)  The contractual agreement for leachate treatment by an offsite treatment system is breached or expired.

   (4)  The quality or quantity of solid waste being disposed at the site changes from that in the permit.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  287.114 (relating to interim operational requirements for unpermitted processing or disposal facilities); 25 Pa. Code §  287.116 (relating to interim operational requirements); 25 Pa. Code §  288.413 (relating to leachate treatment plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.414 (relating to modification of leachate treatment plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.421 (relating to basic limitations); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.451 (relating to scope).

Subchapter E. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS II RESIDUAL WASTE LANDFILLS

SCOPE

Sec.

§ 288.501. Scope.

 This subchapter sets forth additional application and operating requirements for a Class II residual waste landfill.

ADDITIONAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

§ 288.511. General requirements.

 (a)  The application shall contain plans, drawings, cross sections and specifications for a liner system to demonstrate compliance with § §  288.531—288.539 (relating to additional operating requirements—liner system), including the following:

   (1)  Design of the liner system, including thickness and characteristics of the subbase, the thickness and characteristics of the leachate detection zone, the design for the leachate monitoring system in the leachate detection zone, the nature and thickness of the liner material, the thickness and characteristics of the protective cover and leachate collection zone and the design for the leachate collection system in the collection zone.

   (2)  A plan for installing the liner system.

 (b)  The application shall include a quality assurance and quality control plan for the construction and installation of the liner system. The plan shall include the following:

   (1)  A description of the testing procedures and construction methods proposed to be implemented during construction of the liner system.

   (2)  A description of the manner in which the protective cover and liner system will be maintained and protected in unfilled portions of the disposal area prior to and during placement of the initial lift of solid waste.

   (3)  A description of the manner in which the protective cover and liner system will be protected from weather prior to and during placement of the initial lift of solid waste.

   (4)  A description of the qualifications of the quality assurance and quality control personnel, presented in terms of experience and training necessary to implement the plan.

   (5)  A sampling plan for every component of the liner system, including sample size, methods of determining sample locations, sampling frequency, acceptance and rejection criteria, and methods for ensuring that corrective measures are implemented as soon as possible.

   (6)  A plan for documenting compliance with the quality assurance and quality control plan.

 (c)  The application shall demonstrate that leachate will not adversely affect the physical or chemical characteristics of the proposed liner system, or inhibit the liner’s ability to restrict the flow of solid waste, solid waste constituents or leachate based on EPA or ASTM guidelines approved by the Department.

 (d)  The application shall include a complete description of the physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties for the proposed liner, based on ASTM methods when appropriate. These properties shall include the following:

   (1)  Thickness.

   (2)  Tensile strength at yield.

   (3)  Elongation at yield.

   (4)  Elongation at break.

   (5)  Density.

   (6)  Tear resistance.

   (7)  Carbon black content.

   (8)  Puncture resistance.

   (9)  Seam strength—% of liner strength.

   (10)  Ultraviolet light resistance.

   (11)  Carbon black dispersion.

   (12)  Permeability.

   (13)  Liner friction.

   (14)  Stress crack resistance.

   (15)  Oxidative induction time.

   (16)  Chemical compatibility.

   (17)  Percent recycled materials.

   The provisions of this §  288.512 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226668) to (226670).

 (a)  An application shall contain a plan for leachate treatment from the proposed facility that complies with § §  288.551—288.557 (relating to additional operating requirements—leachate treatment). The plan shall include the following:

   (1)  An estimate of the quality and quantity of leachate to be produced annually by the facility, based on the water balance method in ‘‘Use of Water Balance Method for Predicting Leachate Generation from Solid Waste Disposal Sites’’ United States EPA SW-168 (1975) (available through the Department or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), United States Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161), or another method of accurately projecting leachate flows that is approved by the Department, in writing. The estimate shall include the 30-day leachate volume and average flow rate for each month of the year. A separate estimate shall be submitted for anticipated leachate generation at the end of 5-year increments of operation for 20 years, or until closure, whichever date is earlier. For existing facilities, current leachate generation shall be included with this separate estimate.

   (2)  Plans, designs and cross sections for the proposed collection and handling system.

   (3)  Plans, designs and cross sections for onsite leachate treatment or disposal systems, including tanks and impoundments that are proposed to be used or constructed for storage, pretreatment or treatment of leachate from the facility.

   (4)  If an onsite treatment system already in operation is proposed to treat leachate from the facility, a description of the system, including its NPDES permit number, its capability to treat leachate from the facility, and its compliance status under The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder.

 (b)  If interim vehicular transportation to an offsite treatment facility is proposed, the applicant shall do the following:

   (1)  Provide a copy of a signed contractual agreement with the operator of a primary offsite facility that provides for treatment of leachate at the facility, and which covers the period of time that offsite treatment will be provided; or provide a signed letter of intent from the operator of the offsite facility to enter a contractual agreement for leachate treatment if the permit application is approved by the Department.

   (2)  Provide a copy of a signed contractual agreement with the operator of a second offsite treatment facility that provides for backup treatment of leachate at the second treatment facility if leachate cannot be treated by the primary treatment facility operator; or provide a signed letter of intent from the operator of the second offsite facility to enter a contractual agreement if the permit application is approved by the Department.

   (3)  Submit additional bonding to the Department in an amount sufficient to pay for the cost of vehicular transportation and offsite leachate treatment until final closure, if the landfill operator fails to provide offsite treatment that is consistent with the permit, the act and this chapter.

   (4)  Submit plans, designs and cross sections for an onsite pretreatment facility as required by §  288.553(b)(1) (relating to leachate transportation).

 (c)  If recirculation of raw or pretreated leachate is proposed in conjunction with another method, the application shall describe the following:

   (1)  The proposed leachate distribution method over the filled area, including designs and cross sections.

   (2)  The methods that will be used to prevent leachate seeps and breakouts.

   (3)  The methods that will be used to prevent odors, runoff and ponding.

 (d)  The application shall also contain a schedule and method for cleaning sludges from the leachate storage and treatment system, and a plan for disposing of the sludges.

 (a)  If a problem identified in §  288.557 (relating to Departmental notice and remedial action) occurs, the operator shall submit to the Department, within 60 days, a permit modification application under §  287.222 (relating to permit modification), with plans, designs and cross sections to modify its leachate treatment plan.

 (b)  The Department may approve permit modification applications under §  287.222 to extend, by 1 year at a time, the 3-year limitation for leachate transportation in §  288.553(a) (relating to leachate transportation), if the following apply.

   (1)  The applicant complies with §  288.513(b) (relating to leachate treatment plan).

   (2)  The applicant has obtained necessary permits to construct and operate a leachate treatment system under §  288.552 (relating to basic treatment methods).

   (3)  Leachate transportation from the facility has not caused or contributed to violations of the terms or conditions of the permit.

   (4)  The applicant has a valid contract for the treatment of leachate at an offsite treatment facility for the 1-year term of the proposed permit modification.

   (5)  The offsite treatment facility to which leachate would be transported is operating in compliance with The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder, and is otherwise capable of accepting and treating leachate from the landfill.

   (6)  The landfill has a remaining permitted life, based on permitted capacity, of at least 3 years.

 In addition to the application requirements in Subchapter B (relating to application requirements), the application shall demonstrate that any waste that is proposed to be disposed of at the facility complies with §  288.523 (relating to minimum requirements for acceptable waste).

ADDITIONAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS—GENERAL

§ 288.521. Basic limitations.

 (a)  In addition to the operating requirements in Subchapter C (relating to operating requirements), a person or municipality that operates a Class II residual waste landfill shall comply with § §  288.522, 288.523, 288.531—288.539 and 288.551—288.557.

 (b)  If a facility is a noncaptive facility, it shall be operated as a monofill.

 (a)  Except for areas that were permitted prior to July 4, 1992, Class II residual waste landfills may not be operated as follows:

   (1)  In the 100-year floodplain of waters of this Commonwealth.

   (2)  In or within 300 feet of an exceptional value wetland.

   (3)  In or within 100 feet of a wetland other than an exceptional value wetland, unless storage, processing and disposal will not occur within that distance and one of the following is true:

     (i)   If the operation is in or along the wetland, the operator has received a permit from the Department under Chapter 105 (relating to dam safety and waterway management).

     (ii)   If the operation is not in or along the wetland, no adverse hydrologic or water quality impacts will result.

   (4)  In coal bearing areas underlain by recoverable or mineable coals unless the permittee owns the underlying coal.

   (5)  In a valley, ravine or head of hollow where the operation would result in the elimination, pollution or destruction of a portion of a perennial stream, except that rechanneling may be allowed as provided in Chapter 105.

   (6)  In areas underlain by limestone or carbonate formations where the formations are greater than 5 feet in thickness and present at the topmost geologic unit. The areas include areas mapped by the Pennsylvania Geological Survey as underlain by these formations, unless competent geologic studies demonstrate the absence of sinkhole development and sinkhole-prone limestone and carbonate formations.

   (7)  If occupied dwellings are nearby, the following apply:

     (i)   Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), a residual waste landfill may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner thereof has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility being closer than 300 feet. Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), the disposal area of a residual waste landfill may not be within 500 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner thereof has provided a written waiver consenting to the disposal area being closer than 500 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

     (ii)   For a permitted noncaptive residual waste landfill that was operating and not closed as of January 13, 2001, an expansion permitted on or after January 13, 2001, may not be operated within 900 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless one or both of the following conditions are met:

       (A)   The owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility or disposal area being closer than 900 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver form the owner.

       (B)   The applicant owned or entered into an enforceable option contract to purchase the land on which the expansion would operate on or before January 13, 2001, and still holds the option rights, still owns the land or owns the land pursuant to the option rights contract when the permit expansion is issued. Even if the requirement of this subparagraph is met, the expansion may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling and the disposal area may not be within 500 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling.

     (iii)   A new, noncaptive residual waste landfill, permitted on or after January 13, 2001, may not be operated within 900 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility being closer than 900 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner. A closed, noncaptive landfill that submits an application to reopen and expand shall also be subject to this paragraph.

     (iv)   Notwithstanding the prohibitions in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), an access road to a residual waste landfill may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the access road being closer than 300 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

   (8)  Within 100 feet of a perennial stream, unless storage, processing and disposal will not occur within that distance and no adverse hydrologic or water quality impacts will result.

   (9)  Within 100 feet of a property line, unless one of the following applies:

     (i)   Actual disposal will not occur within that distance.

     (ii)   The owner has provided a written consent to the facility being closer than 100 feet. The waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

   (10)  For processing, disposal and storage areas, within 1/4-mile upgradient, and within 300 feet downgradient, of a private or public water source, except that the Department may waive or modify these isolation distances if the operator demonstrates and the Department finds, in writing, that the following conditions have been met:

     (i)   The owners of the public and private water sources in the isolation area have consented, in writing, to the location of the proposed facility.

     (ii)   The operator and each water source owner have agreed, in writing, that the applicant will construct and maintain at the operator’s expense a permanent alternative water supply of like quantity and quality at no additional cost to the water source owner if the existing source is adversely affected by the facility.

     (iii)   The applicant has demonstrated that a replacement water source is technically and economically reasonible and readily available for every public or private water source in the isolation area.

   (11)  If the facility receives or proposes to receive putrescible waste as follows:

     (i)   Within 10,000 feet—or 3,048 meters—of an airport runway that is or will be used by turbine-powered aircraft during the life of disposal operations under the permit.

     (ii)   Within 5,000 feet—or 1,524 meters—of an airport runway that is or will be used by piston-type aircraft during the life of disposal operations under the permit.

     (iii)   For areas permitted on or after January 13, 2001, in a manner in which any portion of the landfill would be an obstruction to air navigation under 14 CFR 77.23(a)(5) (relating to standards for determining obstructions).

   (12)  If a school, park or playground is nearby, the following apply:

     (i)   Except for an expansion of a noncaptive residual waste landfill permit issued prior to January 13, 2001, for a noncaptive residual waste landfill permit issued on or after January 13, 2001, within 300 yards of the following:

       (A)   A building which is owned by a school district or school and used for instructional purposes.

       (B)   A park.

       (C)   A playground.

     (ii)   The current property owner of a school building, park or playground may waive the 300-yard prohibition by signing a written waiver. Upon receipt of the waiver, the Department will waive the 300-yard prohibition and will not use the prohibition as the basis for the denial of a new permit.

 (b)  The Department may waive or modify one or more of the isolation distances in subsection (a)(1), (5), (7), (8) and (10) for expansions of captive facilities if the operator of the captive facility demonstrates the following to the Department’s satisfaction:

   (1)  The captive facility was permitted prior to July 4, 1992, or was permitted after July 4, 1992, if the Department determined the permit application for the facility to be administratively complete prior to July 4, 1992.

   (2)  The captive facility routinely and regularly disposed of residual waste on and after the effective date of these regulations.

   (3)  The expansion of the captive facility solely includes land which is contiguous to the captive facility.

   (4)  The expansion of the captive facility solely includes land which is owned by the applicant on July 4, 1992.

   (5)  No other site is available on contiguous land for the expansion of the captive facility.

   (6)  The expansion of the captive facility will be designed and operated to ensure that the facility does not harm public health, safety, welfare or the environment.

 (c)  Nothing in subsection (b) authorizes the expansion of a captive facility onto land which is located closer to an occupied dwelling than the facility is located prior to the expansion.

 (d)  Except as provided in subsection (e), this section does not apply to features that may come into existence after the date of the first newspaper notice of the filing of a permit application under §  287.151 (relating to public notice by applicant).

 (e)  This section does not apply to features that may come into existence after the date of the first newspaper notice under this subsection if the following apply:

   (1)  The person or municipality publishes a notice of intent to file an application for a residual waste landfill permit. The notice, which is separate from the newspaper notice required by §  287.151, shall be published once a week for 3 consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the area where the facility is proposed to be located. The notice shall include a brief description of the location and proposed operation of the facility.

   (2)  The person or municipality files an administratively complete application under §  287.202 (relating to completeness review) with the Department within 1 year from the date of the first newspaper notice under this subsection.

 (f)  The Department may waive the isolation distances in this section for areas that were included in the permit area of a permit application that was determined by the Department to be administratively complete before July 4, 1992.

   The provisions of this §  288.522 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226672) to (226675).

 (a)  A person or municipality may not dispose of residual waste at a Class II residual waste landfill unless the waste meets the following criteria:

   (1)  The residual waste may not be of a type from which the maximum concentration obtained for a contaminant, based on a chemical analysis of its leachate submitted under §  287.132 (relating to chemical analysis of waste), and approved by the Department, exceeds 50 times the waste classification standard for that contaminant. If analytical quantitation limits prevent determination of the acceptability of a residual waste under this paragraph, the Department may consider the total analysis of the waste as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the contaminant in making a determination of acceptability of the waste at the facility.

   (2)  Notwithstanding the limitation in paragraph (1), the Department may authorize the disposal of residual waste at a monofill if the waste is of a type from which the maximum concentration obtained for a contaminant, based on a chemical analysis of its leachate submitted under §  287.132, exceeds 50 times the SMCL for that contaminant, if the SMCL is the waste classification standard for the contaminant. The Department may authorize the disposal of the waste only upon a demonstration that disposal of the waste at the facility will not cause groundwater degradation that exceeds the SMCL for a contaminant at a monitoring point or groundwater degradation that exceeds background levels at the property boundary for the contaminant.

   (3)  Even if a waste meets the requirements of this section, and the Department has previously authorized the disposal of the waste at the facility, the Department may require that the waste be disposed at a Class I landfill if one of the following applies:

     (i)   Monitoring data indicate that the waste or contaminants of the waste are migrating from the landfill.

     (ii)   The approved chemical and leaching analysis no longer accurately predicts the leachability of the waste.

   (4)  The Department may authorize a facility which disposes of a waste in accordance with a permit under this article to continue to dispose of the waste at the facility although a waste classification standard for a contaminant has been changed so that the waste would no longer meet the criteria for disposal of the waste at the facility under paragraph (1), if the operator of the facility demonstrates to the Department’s satisfaction that disposal of the waste will not cause groundwater degradation that exceeds the waste classification standard for a contaminant at a monitoring point or groundwater degradation that exceeds background levels at the property boundary for a contaminant.

   (5)  If more than one type of waste or waste contaminants are identified in the chemical and leaching analysis, the waste shall be disposed at the most protective type of facility required for the waste types and waste contaminants identified in the analysis.

   (6)  Neither residual waste nor leachate from the waste will adversely affect the ability of the liner system to prevent groundwater degradation.

   (7)  Leachate generated from the residual waste will be treated by the facility’s leachate treatment system under applicable laws in a manner that will protect public health, safety and the environment.

   (8)  The residual waste will not react, combine or otherwise interact with other waste that is or will be disposed at the facility that will adversely affect the ability of the liner system to prevent groundwater degradation.

   (9)  Except to the extent that leachate recirculation is allowed in the permit, residual waste may not be bulk or uncontainerized liquid waste. Containers holding free liquids may not be accepted unless the container is less than 1 gallon in size, except as otherwise provided in the permit.

   (10)  The residual waste shall have a pH between 5.0 and 12.5 unless otherwise specified by the Department in the permit. The pH may be adjusted to meet this requirement.

   (11)  The residual waste may not be allowed to react, combine or otherwise interact with other waste or materials to endanger public health, safety and welfare or the environment by generating extreme heat or pressure, fire or explosion, or toxic mists, fumes, dusts or vapors. The potential for the interaction shall be determined using the procedure in the EPA’s ‘‘A Method for Determining the Compatibility of Hazardous Wastes’’ (EPA-600/2-80-076) or another equivalent method approved by the Department in the permit.

   (12)  The physical characteristics of the waste will not cause or contribute to structural instability or other operating problems at the site.

 (b)  A person or municipality may not dispose of municipal or special handling waste at a Class II residual waste landfill, except as follows:

   (1)  The Department may, in the permit, approve the storage or disposal of the following types of waste generated by the operator:

     (i)   Construction/demolition waste.

     (ii)   Water treatment plant sludge.

     (iii)   Industrial lunchroom and office waste.

     (iv)   Waste tires.

   (2)  The Department may permit water treatment plant sludge monofills or waste tire monofills.

 (c)  A person or municipality may not dispose of hazardous waste at a Class II residual waste landfill.

 (d)  A person or municipality may not dispose of solid waste at a Class II residual waste landfill if the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C.A. § §  2601—2629) prohibits the disposal of the solid waste at the residual waste landfill.

 (e)  Nothing in this section shall limit otherwise applicable design, construction, and operation requirements under §  288.521 (relating to basic limitations).

   The provisions of this §  288.523 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226675) to (226677).

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.132 (relating to operation plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.203 (relating to waste analysis); 25 Pa. Code §  288.515 (relating to water classification plan); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.521 (relating to basic limitations).

ADDITIONAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS—LINER SYSTEM

§ 288.531. Scope and requirements.

 (a)  A person or municipality operating a Class II residual waste landfill shall design, construct, operate and maintain a liner system for disposal areas of the facility or components thereof under this section and § §  288.532—288.539.

 (b)  The liner system for a Class II residual waste landfill shall include the following elements:

   (1)  Subbase, which is the prepared layer of soil or earthen material upon which the remainder of the liner system is constructed.

   (2)  Leachate detection zone, which is the prepared layer placed on top of the subbase and upon which the liner is placed, and in which a leachate detection system is located.

   (3)  Composite liner, which is a continuous layer of synthetic material over earthen materials, placed on the leachate detection zone.

   (4)  Protective cover and leachate collection zone, which is a prepared layer placed over the liner in which a leachate collection system is located.

 (a)  The bottom of the subbase of the liner system cannot be in contact with the seasonal high table or perched water table without the use of groundwater pumping systems.

   (1)  Soil mottling may indicate the presence of a seasonal high groundwater table.

   (2)  Drainage systems may be utilized to prevent contact between the bottom of the subbase of the liner system and the seasonal high water table or perched water table. The operator may not use a drainage system if the system is likely to adversely affect the quality or quantity of water provided by any public or private water supply, even if a replacement supply is available under §  288.245 (relating to water supply replacement). The drainage system shall be limited to drain tile, piping and french drains, or equivalent methods.

 (b)  For unconfined aquifers, at least 8 feet shall be maintained between the bottom of the subbase of the liner system and the regional groundwater table. The regional groundwater table may not be artificially lowered.

 (c)  For confined aquifers, at least 8 feet shall be maintained between the bottom of the subbase of the liner system and the top of the confining layer or the shallowest level below the bottom of the subbase where groundwater occurs as a result of upward leakage from natural or other preexisting causes. The integrity of the confining layer may not be compromised by excavation.

 (d)  If the approved design plans provide for the placement of additional adjacent liner, the following apply:

   (1)  Waste may not be placed within 25 feet of an edge of the liner.

   (2)  The edge of the liner shall be protected by an approved soil cover, or another material approved in the permit, until additional liner is added.

   (3)  A lined berm at least 4 feet high shall be constructed and maintained to prevent the lateral escape of leachate.

   (4)  Adequate spacing shall be maintained on the inside of the berm to collect stormwater and sediment.

 (e)  If the approved design plans do not provide for the placement of additional adjacent liner, waste may not be placed within 15 feet of the inside top of the lined perimeter berm.

 (f)  A lined perimeter berm at least 4 feet high shall be constructed and maintained along the edge of the lined disposal area to prevent the lateral escape of leachate.

 (g)  The edge of the liner shall be clearly marked.

   The provisions of this §  288.532 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226678).

 (a)  The subbase shall meet the following performance standards. The subbase shall:

   (1)  Bear the weight of the liner system, waste, waste cover material and equipment operating on the facility without causing or allowing any failure of the liner system.

   (2)  Accommodate potential settlement without damage to the liner system.

   (3)  Be a barrier to the transmission of liquids.

   (4)  Cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the subbase shall meet the following design requirements. The subbase shall:

   (1)  Consist of an upper 6 inches that is:

     (i)   Compacted to a standard proctor density of at least 95%.

     (ii)   No more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-5 cm/sec. based on laboratory and field testing.

     (iii)   Hard, uniform, smooth and free of debris, rock fragments, plant materials and other foreign material.

   (2)  Have a postsettlement slope of at least 2% and no more than 33%.

   The provisions of this §  288.533 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226679).

 (a)  The leachate detection zone shall meet the following performance standards. The leachate detection zone shall:

   (1)  Rapidly detect and collect liquid entering the leachate detection zone, and rapidly transmit the liquid to the leachate treatment system.

   (2)  Withstand chemical attack from waste or leachate.

   (3)  Withstand anticipated loads, stresses and disturbances from overlying waste, waste cover materials and equipment operation.

   (4)  Function without clogging.

   (5)  Prevent the liner from puncturing, cracking, tearing, stretching or otherwise losing its physical integrity.

   (6)  Cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the leachate detection zone of a liner system shall meet the following design requirements. The leachate detection zone shall:

   (1)  Be at least 12 inches thick.

   (2)  Contain no material exceeding 0.5 inches in particle size.

   (3)  Create a flow zone between the subbase and the liner equal to or more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-2 cm/sec., based on laboratory testing, and when required by the Department, field testing.

   (4)  Contain a perforated piping system capable of detecting and intercepting liquid within the leachate detection zone and conveying the liquid to a collection sump for storage, processing or disposal. The sump shall be separate from the leachate collection sump and shall be of sufficient size to transmit leachate that is generated. The piping system shall also meet the following:

     (i)   The slope, size and spacing of the piping system shall assure that liquids drain from the leachate detection zone.

     (ii)   The pipes shall be installed primarily perpendicular to the flow and shall have a minimum postsettlement grade of at least 2%.

     (iii)   The minimum diameter of the perforated pipe shall be 4 inches with a wall thickness of Schedule-80 or greater as specified by ASTM or equivalent.

     (iv)   The pipes shall be cleaned and maintained as necessary.

   (5)  Have a minimum bottom slope of 2%.

   (6)  Contain noncarbonate stones or aggregates with no sharp edges.

 (c)  The operator shall monitor the leachate detection zone weekly to determine whether liquid is flowing from the zone.

 (d)  If liquid is flowing from the leachate detection zone, the operator shall immediately:

   (1)  Notify the Department in writing.

   (2)  Estimate, on a weekly basis, the volume of liquid flowing from the zone.

   (3)  Sample and analyze the liquid, on a quarterly basis, for pH, specific conductivity, total organic carbon and chlorides. The Department may also require sampling and analysis for other constituents expected to be found in the waste.

   (4)  Provide written copies of flow and analysis data to the Department.

 (e)  If leachate flow is greater than 100 gallons per acre of lined collection area per day, or more than 10% of leachate generation, the operator shall:

   (1)  Submit to the Department a plan within 30 days for locating the source of leachate in the leachate detection zone, and for determining the severity and cause of leachate penetration.

   (2)  Implement the plan upon Department approval, and complete the plan in a reasonable time not to exceed 6 months.

   (3)  Submit to the Department within 45 days after completion of the plan a report containing the new data collected, analysis of the data, and recommendations concerning a remedial plan.

   (4)  Conduct quarterly sampling and analysis for the parameters in §  288.254(a)(1) (relating to sampling and analysis), and submit copies of the results of the analysis to the Department.

 (f)  If sampling results indicate the presence of constituents at concentrations that could result in groundwater degradation, the operator shall submit the following to the Department:

   (1)  A remedial plan for controlling the source of leachate in the leachate detection zone and correcting a malfunction or defect in the liner system, and implement the plan upon Department approval.

   (2)  A permit modification application under §  287.222 (relating to permit modification) for increased groundwater monitoring, giving consideration to monitoring frequency, number of wells and other factors, and conduct increased groundwater monitoring upon Department approval of the application.

   The provisions of this §  288.534 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226679) to (226681).

 (a)  Standards of performance. The liner shall meet the following standards of performance:

   (1)  The liner shall prevent the migration of leachate through the liner to the greatest degree that is technologically possible.

   (2)  The effectiveness of the liner in preventing the migration of leachate may not be adversely affected by the physical or chemical characteristics of solid waste, solid waste constituents or leachate from the facility.

   (3)  The liner shall be resistant to physical failure, chemical failure and other failure from the sources identified under §  288.512(d) (relating to liner system and leachate control plan).

   (4)  The liner shall cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Alternative design requirements. Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the liner shall meet, at a minimum, the requirements of Appendix A, Table II (relating to minimum liner design standards).

 (c)  Requirements. A liner shall meet the following standards. A liner shall include:

   (1)  An upper component made of a manufactured geosynthetic liner that meets the following requirements independently of the composite component:

     (i)   The upper component shall be no more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-7 cm/sec. based on laboratory testing.

     (ii)   The upper component shall be installed according to manufacturer’s specifications under the supervision of an authorized representative of the manufacturer. An approved assurance and quality control program shall be implemented in the field during the installation of the liner.

     (iii)   The upper component shall be inspected for uniformity, damage and imperfections during construction and installation.

   (2)  A composite component made of earthen material that meets the following requirements independent of the upper component:

     (i)   The composite component shall be no more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-6 cm/sec. based on laboratory testing and field testing.

     (ii)   The composite component shall be designed, installed and maintained according to a quality assurance and quality control plan approved by the Department.

     (iii)   The composite component shall be inspected for uniformity, damage and imperfections during construction and installation.

     (iv)   The composite component shall be constructed in compacted lifts not exceeding 6 inches in depth, if the composite component is more than 6 inches in thickness. A lift shall be scarified before placement of the next lift.

   (3)  The two components of the composite liner shall be designed, constructed and maintained to provide a compression connection, or direct continuous contact, between them.

   The provisions of this §  288.535 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226681) to (226682).

 (a)  The protective cover shall meet the following performance standards. The protective cover shall:

   (1)  Protect the liner from physical damage from stresses and disturbances from overlying wastes, waste cover materials and equipment operation.

   (2)  Protect the leachate collection system within the protective cover from stresses and disturbances from overlying wastes, waste cover materials and equipment operation.

   (3)  Allow the continuous and free flow of leachate into the leachate collection system within the protective cover.

   (4)  Cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the protective cover shall meet the following design requirements. The protective cover shall be:

   (1)  Comprised of clean earthen material that contains no aggregate, rocks, debris, plant material or other solid material larger than 1/2 inch in diameter, and no material with sharp edges.

   (2)  Graded, uniformly compacted and smooth.

   (3)  As permeable as, or more permeable than, 1.0 x 10-2 cm/sec., based on laboratory testing, and shall allow the free flow of liquids and leachate passing through or generated by solid waste. Field testing shall also be conducted if required by the Department.

   (4)  At least 18 inches in thickness.

 (a)  The leachate collection system within the protective cover shall meet the following performance standards. The leachate collection system shall:

   (1)  Ensure that free flowing liquids and leachate will drain continuously from the protective cover to the leachate treatment system without ponding or accumulating on the liner.

   (2)  Ensure that the depth of leachate on or above the liner does not exceed 1 foot.

   (3)  Withstand chemical attack from leachate.

   (4)  Withstand anticipated loads, stresses and disturbances from overlying waste, waste cover materials and equipment operation.

   (5)  Function without clogging.

   (6)  Cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the leachate collection system within the protective cover shall comply with the following design requirements:

   (1)  The leachate collection system shall include a perforated piping system which is capable of intercepting free flowing liquids and leachate within the protective cover and conveying them to a collection sump for storage, processing or disposal. The collection sump shall be of sufficient size to transmit leachate that is generated and shall be capable of automatic and continuous functioning.

   (2)  The perforated piping system shall be sloped, sized and spaced to assure that free flowing liquids and leachate will drain continuously from the protective cover to the collection sump or point.

   (3)  The minimum diameter of the perforated pipes shall be 6 inches with a wall thickness of Schedule 80 or greater as specified by ASTM, or equivalent.

   (4)  The leachate collection zone shall contain stones or aggregates.

   (5)  The pipes shall be installed primarily perpendicular to the flow and shall have a minimum postsettlement grade of at least 2%.

   (6)  The leachate collection system shall be cleaned and maintained as necessary.

   (7)  The leachate collection system shall have a minimum bottom slope of 2%.

   The provisions of this §  288.537 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226683) to (226684).

 (a)  For Class II residual waste landfills in surface mined areas in which the disposal area abuts a vertical highwall, the operator shall design, construct and maintain a barrier between the highwall and the disposal area that meets the following performance standards:

   (1)  The barrier shall prevent the lateral migration of leachate from the disposal area.

   (2)  The effectiveness of the barrier in preventing the lateral migration of leachate may not be adversely affected by solid waste, solid waste constituents or leachate from the facility.

   (3)  The barrier shall meet the requirements of §  288.261(a) (relating to mineral resources).

 (b)  Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (a) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure), the barrier shall meet the following design requirements. The barrier shall be:

   (1)  Twelve horizontal feet in thickness.

   (2)  No more permeable than 1.0 x 10^-7 cm/sec. based on laboratory and field testing.

   (3)  Made of clay as specified in Appendix A, Table II (relating to minimum liner design standards).

 (c)  The barrier shall be designed, installed and maintained according to a quality assurance and quality control plan approved by the Department.

 (d)  The barrier shall be inspected for uniformity, damage and imperfections during construction and installation.

 The first 8 feet of solid waste placed on the protective cover may not contain material capable of penetrating or puncturing the protective cover.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  287.114 (relating to interim operational requirements for unpermitted processing or disposal facilities); 25 Pa. Code §  287.116 (relating to interim operational requirements); 25 Pa. Code §  288.512 (relating to liner system and leachate control plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.521 (relating to basic limitations); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.531 (relating to scope and requirements).

ADDITIONAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS—LEACHATE TREATMENT

§ 288.551. Scope.

 A person or municipality operating a Class II residual waste landfill shall comply with this section and § §  288.552—288.557.

 (a)  Except as otherwise provided in this section, leachate shall be collected and handled by direct discharge into a permitted publicly-owned treatment works, following pretreatment, if pretreatment is required by Federal, State or local law, or by discharge into other permitted treatment facility.

 (b)  Leachate may be collected and handled by onsite treatment and discharged into a receiving stream under a permit issued by the Department under The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder, if the Department approves this method in the permit.

 (c)  Leachate may be collected and handled by spray irrigation following treatment. This method will not be allowed unless the following apply:

   (1)  Discharge into a publicly-owned treatment works or other permitted treatment facility is not practicable.

   (2)  Discharge of treated leachate into a receiving stream in a manner consistent with The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder is not attainable.

   (3)  Spray irrigation will not cause air or water pollution.

 (d)  If the leachate is hazardous it shall be managed in accordance with Article VII (relating to hazardous waste management).

 (a)  For the first 3 years following initial discharge of leachate into the collection and handling system, leachate may be handled by vehicular transportation to, and leachate treatment at, an offsite treatment facility. Except as provided in §  288.514 (relating to modifications of leachate treatment plan), the operator shall operate a leachate collection and treatment facility as provided in §  288.552 (relating to basic treatment methods) within 3 years following the detection of leachate in the collection or handling system.

 (b)  Vehicular transportation of leachate to an offsite treatment facility will not be allowed unless the following requirements are met:

   (1)  Prior to the disposal of waste at the facility, the operator shall have in place at the site a permitted and fully operational system for fully pretreating the leachate in accordance with applicable pretreatment requirements of the primary and backup offsite treatment facilities.

   (2)  One of the following applies:

     (i)   Direct discharge into a publicly-owned treatment works or other permitted treatment facility is attainable within 3 years.

     (ii)   Discharge of treated leachate into a receiving stream in a manner consistent with The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder is attainable within 3 years.

   (3)  A leachate recirculation system under §  288.554 (relating to leachate recirculation) is constructed and fully approved.

   (4)  The landfill operator has a valid contract for the treatment of leachate at an offsite treatment facility for up to 3 years. The contract shall prohibit the treatment facility operator from refusing to treat leachate without 6 months’ advance written notice to the landfill operator.

   (5)  The offsite treatment facility to which leachate would be transported is operating in compliance with The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder, and is otherwise capable of accepting and treating leachate from the landfill.

 (c)  If the operator loses the ability to dispose of leachate at the facility and is unable to secure an alternate offsite treatment facility acceptable to the Department within 15 days from loss of its approved treatment facility, implementation of the treatment plan required by §  288.552 shall begin immediately.

 (d)  If the operator cannot immediately implement a treatment plan under §  288.552 to comply with this article, The Clean Streams Law and regulations thereunder, and cannot locate an alternative offsite treatment facility within 15 days, the operator shall cease accepting waste at the facility for storage, processing or disposal. Cessation shall continue until the operator obtains an acceptable means of treating its leachate.

 (e)  Notwithstanding other provisions of this subchapter, the operator shall have in place at the site a permitted and fully operational system for treating leachate at least 3 full years before closure of the facility.

 (a)  In conjunction with the treatment methods in § §  288.552 and 288.553 (relating to basic treatment methods; and leachate transportation), recirculation of leachate generated at the facility may be utilized if the following conditions exist:

   (1)  The area subject to leachate recirculation previously has been filled with solid waste.

   (2)  There is sufficient residual waste capacity to absorb the leachate.

   (3)  The area subject to leachate recirculation is underlain by a leachate collection system.

   (4)  Leachate recirculation is conducted with an approved piping system located under the intermediate cover, and causes no odors, runoff or ponding.

   (5)  The leachate is not a hazardous waste.

 (b)  An alternate leachate recirculation method may be used if approved by the Department.

   The provisions of this §  288.554 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226687) to (226688).

 (a)  Impoundments or tanks for storing leachate before or during treatment shall be constructed in accordance with § §  299.122, 299.142 and 299.145 (relating to storage tanks; general requirements; and failure).

 (b)  An onsite leachate storage system shall be part of each leachate treatment method used by the operator. The storage system shall contain impoundments or tanks for storage of leachate. For noncaptive facilities, the tanks or impoundments shall have a storage capacity at least equal to the maximum expected production of leachate for a 30-day period for the life of the facility estimated under §  288.513 (relating to leachate treatment plan). For captive facilities, the tank or impoundment shall have sufficient storage capacity to ensure proper operation of the treatment facility in accordance with the approved leachate treatment plan and shall meet the performance standard in §  288.537(a)(2) (relating to leachate collection system within protective cover). No more than 25% of the total leachate storage capacity may be used for flow equalization on a regular basis.

 (c)  The impoundments or tanks shall be aerated as necessary to prevent and control odors. Impoundments or tanks shall each have a capacity of at least 250,000 gallons, unless otherwise approved by the Department.

 (d)  The storage capacity of impoundments and tanks at a site shall be increased, if additional storage is required, prior to each major phase of construction and as otherwise necessary.

 (e)  Leachate storage capacity may not be considered to include leachate that may have collected in or on the liner system.

 (f)  Necessary collection and containment systems shall be installed prior to the deposition of solid waste at the site. A leachate treatment or handling system approved by the Department under §  288.513 shall be installed or ready for use prior to the storage or disposal of solid waste at the site.

 (g)  For areas permitted after January 13, 2001, all underground pipes used for the transport of leachate from the liner system to the leachate storage impoundments or tanks shall be equipped with secondary containment or comply with the requirements in §  245.445 (relating to methods for release detection for piping). Secondary containment shall be designed, constructed and installed to direct any release to an area that can be inspected for leaks.

   The provisions of this §  288.555 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226688).

 (a)  Upon commencement of leachate flow from the facility, the operator shall sample, analyze and maintain a record of the following:

   (1)  On a daily basis, the average flow rate and volume of leachate flowing from the landfill into the leachate storage and treatment system.

   (2)  On a quarterly basis, unless otherwise provided in the permit, the chemical composition of leachate flowing into the leachate treatment system. The analysis shall be sufficient to determine the impact of leachate on the liner system, the effectiveness of the leachate treatment system, the need for modification of the groundwater monitoring system or the effluent limitations in an NPDES permit, and the actual characteristics of leachate from the waste disposed at the facility. For the purpose of this analysis, the leachate sample shall be collected from the influent storage tank or impoundment and shall be representative of the average mixed influent quality.

 (b)  Sludges resulting from the treatment of leachate may be disposed at the facility if the sludges are not hazardous under Article VII (relating to hazardous waste management).

 The operator shall immediately notify the Department and describe remedial steps to be taken whenever:

   (1)  Operation of the treatment facility in accordance with the approved plan cannot prevent violation of the terms of its permits, The Clean Streams Law or regulations thereunder.

   (2)  The facility is generating a quality or quantity of leachate that exceeds the design capacity of the onsite pretreatment or treatment system.

   (3)  The contractual agreement for leachate treatment by an offsite treatment system is breached or expired.

   (4)  The quality or quantity of waste being disposed at the site changes from that in the permit.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  287.114 (relating to interim operational requirements for unpermitted processing or disposal facilities); 25 Pa. Code §  287.116 (relating to interim operational requirements); 25 Pa. Code §  288.513 (relating to leachate treatment plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.514 (relating to modifications of leachate treatment plan); 25 Pa. Code §  288.521 (relating to basic limitations); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.551 (relating to scope).

Subchapter F. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS III RESIDUAL WASTE LANDFILLS

SCOPE

Sec.

§ 288.601. Scope.

 This subchapter sets forth additional application and operating requirements for Class III residual waste landfills.

ADDITIONAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

§ 288.611. Description of soil base.

 In addition to the application requirements in Subchapter B (relating to application requirements), the application shall demonstrate that any waste that is proposed to be disposed of at the facility complies with §  288.623 (relating to minimum requirements for acceptable waste).

ADDITIONAL OPERATING REQUIREMENTS—GENERAL

§ 288.621. Basic requirements.

 (a)  In addition to the operating requirements in Subchapter C (relating to operating requirements), a person or municipality that operates a Class III residual waste landfill shall comply with § §  288.622—288.625.

 (b)  Only captive facilities, waste tire monofills, water treatment plant sludge monofills and coal ash monofills qualify as Class III residual waste landfills.

   The provisions of this §  288.621 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (255110) and (226691).

 (a)  Except for areas that were permitted prior to July 4, 1992, a Class III residual waste landfill may not be operated as follows:

   (1)  In the 100-year floodplain of waters of this Commonwealth.

   (2)  In or within 300 feet of an exceptional value wetland.

   (3)  In or within 100 feet of a wetland other than an exceptional value wetland, unless storage, processing and disposal will not occur within that distance and one of the following is true:

     (i)   If the operation is in or along the wetland, the operator has received a permit from the Department under Chapter 105 (relating to dam safety and waterway management).

     (ii)   If the operation is not in or along the wetland, no adverse hydrologic or water quality impacts will result.

   (4)  In coal bearing areas underlain by recoverable or mineable coals unless the permittee owns the underlying coal.

   (5)  In a valley, ravine or head of hollow where the operation would result in the elimination, pollution or destruction of a portion of a perennial stream, except that rechanneling may be allowed as provided in Chapter 105.

   (6)  In areas underlain by limestone or carbonate formations where the formations are greater than 5-feet in thickness and present at the topmost geologic unit. The areas include area mapped by the Pennsylvania Geological Survey as underlain by these formations, unless competent geologic studies demonstrate the absence of sinkhole development and sinkhole-prone limestone and carbonate formations.

   (7)  If occupied dwellings are nearby, the following apply:

     (i)   Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), a residual waste landfill may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner thereof has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility being closer than 300 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner. Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), the disposal area of a residual waste landfill may not be within 500 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner thereof has provided a written waiver consenting to the disposal area being closer than 500 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

     (ii)   For a permitted noncaptive residual waste landfill that was operated and not closed as of January 13, 2001, an expansion permitted on or after January 13, 2001, may not be operated within 900 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless one or both of the following conditions are met:

       (A)   The owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility or disposal area being closer than 900 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

       (B)   The applicant owned or entered into an enforceable option contract to purchase the land on which the expansion would operate on or before January 13, 2001, and still holds the option rights, still owns the land or owns the land pursuant to the option rights contract when the permit expansion is issued. Even if the requirement of this subparagraph is met, the expansion may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling and the disposal area may not be within 500 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling.

     (iii)   A new, noncaptive residual waste landfill permitted on or after January 13, 2001, may not be operated within 900 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the facility being closer than 900 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner. A closed, noncaptive landfill that submits an application to reopen and expand shall also be subject to this paragraph.

     (iv)   Notwithstanding the prohibitions in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii), an access road to a residual waste landfill may not be operated within 300 feet measured horizontally from an occupied dwelling, unless the owner of the dwelling has provided a written waiver consenting to the access road being closer than 300 feet. A waiver shall be knowingly made and separate form a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

   (8)  Within 100 feet of a perennial stream, unless storage, processing and disposal will not occur within that distance and no adverse hydrologic or water quality impacts will result.

   (9)  Within 100 feet of a property line, unless one of the following applies:

     (i)   Actual disposal will not occur within that distance.

     (ii)   The owner has provided a written consent to the facility being closer than 100 feet. The waiver shall be knowingly made and separate from a lease or deed unless the lease or deed contains an explicit waiver from the owner.

   (10)  For disposal, processing and storage areas, within 1/4-mile upgradient, and within 300 feet downgradient, of a private or public water source, except that the Department may waive or modify these isolation distances if the operator demonstrates and the Department finds, in writing, that the following conditions have been met.

     (i)   The owners of the public and private water sources in the isolation area have consented, in writing, to the location of the proposed facility.

     (ii)   The operator and each water source owner have agreed, in writing, that the applicant will construct and maintain at the operator’s expense a permanent alternative water supply of like quantity and quality at no additional cost to the water source owner if the existing source is adversely affected by the facility.

     (iii)   The applicant has demonstrated that a replacement water source is technically and economically feasible and readily available for every public or private water source in the isolation area.

   (11)  If the facility receives or proposes to receive putrescible waste as follows:

     (i)   Within 10,000 feet—or 3,048 meters—of an airport runway that is or will be used by turbine-powered aircraft during the life of disposal operations under the permit.

     (ii)   Within 5,000 feet—or 1,524 meters—of an airport runway that is or will be used by piston-type aircraft during the life of disposal operations under the permit.

     (iii)   For areas permitted on or after January 13, 2001, in a manner in which any portion of the landfill would be an obstruction to air navigation under 14 CFR 77.23(a)(5) (relating to standards for determining obstructions).

   (12)  If a school, park or playground is nearby, the following apply:

     (i)   Except for an expansion of a noncaptive residual waste landfill permit issued prior to January 13, 2001, for a noncaptive residual waste landfill permit issued on or after January 13, 2001, within 300 yards of the following:

       (A)   A building which is owned by a school district or school and used for instructional purposes.

       (B)   A park.

       (C)   A playgound.

     (ii)   The current property owner of a school building, park or playground may waive the 300-yard prohibition by signing a written waiver. Upon receipt of the waiver, the Department will waive the 300-yard prohibition and will not use the prohibition as the basis for the denial of a new permit.

 (b)  The Department may waive or modify one or more of the isolation distances in subsection (a)(1), (5), (7), (8) and (10) for expansions of captive facilities if the operator of the captive facility demonstrates the following to the Department’s satisfaction:

   (1)  The captive facility was permitted prior to July 4, 1992, or was permitted after July 4, 1992, if the Department determined the permit application for the facility to be administratively complete prior to July 4, 1992.

   (2)  The captive facility routinely and regularly disposed of residual waste on and after July 4, 1992.

   (3)  The expansion of the captive facility solely includes land which is contiguous to the captive facility.

   (4)  The expansion of the captive facility solely includes land which is owned by the applicant on July 4, 1992.

   (5)  No other site is available on contiguous land for the expansion of the captive facility.

   (6)  The expansion of the captive facility will be designed and operated to ensure that the facility does not harm public health, safety, welfare or the environment.

 (c)  Nothing in subsection (b) authorizes the expansion of a captive facility onto land which is located closer to any occupied dwelling than the facility is located prior to the expansion.

 (d)  Except as provided in subsection (d), this section does not apply to features that may come into existence after the date of the first newspaper notice of the filing of a permit application under §  287.151 (relating to public notice by applicant).

 (e)  This section does not apply to features that may come into existence after the date of the first newspaper notice under this subsection if the following apply:

   (1)  The person or municipality publishes a notice of intent to file an application for a residual waste landfill permit. The notice, which is separate from the newspaper notice required by §  287.151, shall be published once a week for 3 consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the area where the facility is proposed to be located. The notice shall include a brief description of the location and proposed operation of the facility.

   (2)  The person or municipality files an administratively complete application under §  287.202 (relating to completeness review) with the Department within 1 year from the date of the first newspaper notice under this subsection.

 (f)  The Department may waive the isolation distances in this section for areas that were included in the permit area of a permit application that was determined by the Department to be administratively complete before July 4, 1992.

   The provisions of this §  288.622 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226691) to (226693).

 (a)  A person or municipality may not dispose of residual waste at a Class III residual waste landfill unless the waste meets all of the following criteria:

   (1)  The residual waste may not be of a type from which the maximum concentration obtained for contaminant, based on a chemical analysis of its leachate submitted under §  287.132 (relating to chemical analysis of waste), and approved by the Department, exceeds the following:

     (i)   For metals and other cations, 25 times the waste classification standard for a contaminant.

     (ii)   For contaminants other than metals and cations, the waste classification standard for a contaminant. If analytical quantitation limits prevent determination of the acceptability of a residual waste under this paragraph, the Department may consider the total analysis of the waste as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the contaminant in making a determination of acceptability of the waste at the facility.

   (2)  Residual waste may not be disposed of at the facility if the disposal of the waste at the facility will result in a level of groundwater degradation at one or more monitoring points that exceeds the level of degradation that would result at the same monitoring points from the disposal of the waste at the facility if the facility were designed, constructed and operated as a Class II landfill. The Department may approve the disposal of waste at a monofill that contains contaminants other than metals or cations with a maximum concentration that is less than 10 times the waste classification standard for the contaminants, based on a chemical analysis of its leachate submitted under §  287.132, if the following are met:

     (i)   Disposal of the waste will improve preexisting groundwater degradation.

     (ii)   Preexisting degradation did not result from activities of the person or municipality that proposes to dispose of residual waste, or a related party to the person or municipality.

   (3)  Even if a waste meets the requirements of this section, and the Department has previously authorized the disposal of the waste at the facility, the Department may require that the waste be disposed at a Class II or Class I landfill if one of the following applies:

     (i)   Monitoring data indicate that the waste or contaminants of the waste are migrating from the landfill.

     (ii)   The approved chemical and leaching analysis of the waste no longer accurately predict the leachability of the waste.

   (4)  The Department may authorize a facility which disposes of a waste in accordance with a permit under this article to continue to dispose of the waste at the facility although a waste classification standard for a contaminant has been amended in a way that the waste would no longer meet the criteria for disposal of the waste at the facility under paragraph (1), if the operator of the facility demonstrates to the Department’s satisfaction that disposal of the waste will not cause degradation that exceeds the waste classification standard for a contaminant at a monitoring point or groundwater degradation that exceeds background levels at the property boundary for a contaminant.

   (5)  If more than one type of waste or waste contaminants are identified in the chemical and leaching analysis, the waste shall be disposed at the most protective type of facility required for the waste types and waste contaminants identified in the analysis.

   (6)  The residual waste may not be a wastewater treatment sludge, unless it has been stabilized or solidified.

   (7)  The type, volume and concentration of constituents of residual waste being proposed for disposal shall indicate that the waste and its leachate are capable of being attenuated by the soil under the disposal area in a manner that will prevent groundwater degradation.

   (8)  The residual waste will not react, combine or otherwise interact with other waste that is or will be disposed at the facility in a manner that will adversely affect the ability of the attenuating soil to prevent degradation of groundwater.

   (9)  The residual waste may not have a petroleum based oil and grease content that exceeds 1% by dry weight.

   (10)  Except to the extent that leachate recirculation is allowed in the permit, residual waste may not be bulk or noncontainerized liquid waste. Containers holding free liquids may not be accepted unless the container is less than 1 gallon in size, except as otherwise provided in the permit.

   (11)  The residual waste shall have a pH between 5.5 and 9.5 unless otherwise specified by the Department in the permit. The pH may be adjusted to meet this requirement.

   (12)  The residual waste may not be allowed to react, combine or otherwise interact with other waste or materials to endanger public health, safety and welfare or the environment by generating extreme heat or pressure, fire or explosion, or toxic mists, fumes, dusts or vapors. The potential for interaction shall be determined using the procedure in the EPA’s ‘‘A Method for Determining the Compatibility of Hazardous Wastes’’ (EPA-600/2-80-076) or another equivalent method approved by the Department in the permit.

   (13)  Municipal waste may not be stored, processed or disposed at the facility, except as follows:

     (i)   The Department may, in the permit, approve the storage or disposal of construction/demolition waste generated by the operator.

     (ii)   The Department may permit water treatment plant sludge monofills or waste tire monofills.

   (14)  The physical characteristics of the waste will not cause or contribute to structural instability or other operating problems at the site.

 (b)  A person or municipality may not dispose of hazardous waste at a Class III residual waste landfill.

 (c)  A person or municipality may not dispose of solid waste at a Class III residual waste landfill if the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C.A. § §  2601—2629) prohibits the disposal of the solid waste at the residual waste landfill.

 (d)  Nothing in this section limits otherwise applicable design, construction and operation requirements under §  288.621 (relating to basic requirements).

   The provisions of this §  288.623 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (226693) to (226696).

 (a)  Disposal of residual waste. Residual waste may not be disposed at a Class III residual waste landfill, unless attenuating soil exists in the disposal area or has been placed on the entire disposal area.

   (1)  At least 4 feet separate the seasonal high water table, perched water table or bedrock from the lowest area where waste is deposited. Soil mottling may indicate the presence of a seasonal high water table. The seasonal high water table and perched water table may not be artificially manipulated. The seasonal high water table may not be located within the attenuating soil base.

   (2)  At least 8 vertical feet separate the regional groundwater table from the lowest area where waste is deposited. The regional groundwater table may not be artificially manipulated. The regional groundwater table may not be located within the attenuating soil base.

 (b)  Standards of performance. The attenuating soil shall meet the following standards of performance:

   (1)  The attenuating soil shall prevent migration of contaminants to the surface and groundwater to the greatest degree that is technologically possible.

   (2)  The performance of the attenuating soil may not be affected by the physical or chemical characteristics of the waste.

   (3)  The attenuating soil shall cover the bottom and sidewalls of the facility.

 (c)  Alternative design requirements. Unless alternative design requirements to meet the performance standards in subsection (b) are approved as part of the permit under §  287.231 (relating to equivalency review procedure) where site-specific conditions are included in the demonstration, the attenuating soil shall meet the requirements of subsection (d). If a design under this section is modified, the modification shall be a major permit modification.

 (d)  Requirements. The attenuating soil required by this section shall meet the following requirements:

   (1)  The soil shall fall within the United States Department of Agriculture textural classes of sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, loamy sand and silt loam.

   (2)  At least 40% by weight of the fragments in the soil shall be capable of passing through a 2 millimeter, No. 10 mesh sieve.

   (3)  The soil may not include rock fragments greater than 6 inches in diameter.

   (4)  The soil shall have a cation exchange capacity of at least 10 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil.

   (5)  The soil shall have an organic carbon content of at least 0.1%.

   The provisions of this §  288.624 amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (226696).

 The operator shall immediately notify the Department and describe remedial steps to be taken whenever:

   (1)  Operation of the facility in accordance with the approved plan cannot prevent violation of the terms of its permits, The Clean Streams Law or regulations thereunder.

   (2)  The quality or quantity of waste being disposed at the site changes from that set forth in the permit.

   This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.621 (relating to basic requirements).

APPENDIX A

TABLE I

MINIMUM LINER DESIGN STANDARDS

   * Percentage of maximum when using Standard Proctor method of design (Pa. PTM No. 106, Method B).

   This table cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.434 (relating to secondary liner); 25 Pa. Code §  288.436 (relating to primary liner); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.439 (relating to surface mined areas).

TABLE II

MINIMUM LINER DESIGN STANDARDS

   * Percentage of maximum when using Standard Proctor method of design (Pa. PTM No. 106, Method B).

   This table cited in 25 Pa. Code §  288.234 (relating to final cover and grading); 25 Pa. Code §  288.535 (relating to liner); and 25 Pa. Code §  288.538 (relating to surface mined areas).