§ 47.1. Definitions and use of terms.

 The following words and terms, when used in this subchapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and shall conform to the labeling requirements indicated:

   Acetate fibers or cellulose acetate—Manmade fibers, monofilaments and continuous filament yarns composed of actyelated cellulose with or without lesser amounts of nonfiber forming material.

   Acrylic fibers or polyacrylic fibers—Manmade fibers made from any long chain polymers or copolymers which contain 85% or more of acrylonitrile and which are formed into a filament.

   Arolac, azlon, or casein protein base fibers—Manmade fibers and filaments made from modified proteins or derivatives of proteins with or without lesser amounts of nonfiber forming material. The term azlon shall be used for labeling purposes regardless of the source of the protein.

   Bulk filling materials—Bulk materials intended for use in mattresses, pillows, bolsters, feather beds and other filled bedding of any description. The term applies to cushions and all types of upholstered furniture, except cotton rolls, shredded synthetic foam and other filling materials which are sold at retail to be used and consumed in the home of the purchaser for his personal use.

   Cardboard, fiberboard or corrugated cardboard—Sheets of material composed of paper, wood pulp or other materials with or without resin bonding and labeled with their appropriate name.

   Cattail plant fibers—The fibers from the cattail plant, Apacynaceae Typhaceae. The material shall be labeled cattail fibers.

   Cellulose fiber—The fibers obtained from wood pulp and compressed into pads. The label designation shall be cellulose fiber pad.

   Cemented shredded latex foam rubber—Shredded latex foam rubber which has been cemented together.

   Cemented shredded sponge rubber—Shredded sponge rubber which has been cemented together.

   Cemented shredded synthetic foam—Shredded synthetic foam which has been cemented together.

   Coconut husk fiber or coconut coir—The fibrous material obtained from the husks or outer shell of the coconut. Either term may be used on the tag.

   Colored—A material which has been artificially dyed or colored.

   Comfortable—Any cover, quilt or quilted article made of any material and stuffed or filled with any of the filling materials defined in this section.

   Cotton—This term shall not be used by itself.

   Cotton felt or blended cotton felt—Felt made from staple cotton, cotton linters, cotton wastes or mixtures of any of those. The label designation shall be cotton felt or blended cotton felt.

   Cotton linters—The fibrous growth removed from the cotton seed subsequent to the process of ginning. The term cotton linters may be used on the tag but the term linters alone shall not be used.

   Cotton waste—Cotton material recovered from various machine operations used in the manufacture of cotton yarn other than cotton itself. When unfelted this material shall be designated on the tag as cotton waste.

   Creped cellulose fiber—The material formed of layers of compressed and creped cellulose fiber.

   Crushed feathers—Feathers which have been processed by a curling, crushing or chopping machine which has changed the original form of the feathers without removing the quill. The term also includes all of the material components resulting from this processing. The material or percentage thereof shall be designated on the label as ‘‘crushed’’ and shall be followed by the designation of ‘‘waterfowl feathers,’’ ‘‘goose feathers,’’ ‘‘duck feathers,’’ ‘‘chicken feathers,’’ ‘‘turkey feathers’’ and so forth. When the species of the crushed waterfowl feathers or crushed landfowl feathers or a percentage thereof is designated on the label, a minimum of 80% of the crushed waterfowl feathers or crushed landfowl feathers or a percentage thereof so designated must be of that species.

   Curled hair—This term shall apply when any hair has been put through a curling process. The appropriate designation as to origin shall appear on the label along with this term.

   Cushion—Any bag or case, transparent or opaque, and stuffed or filled with any of the materials defined in this section, to be used for resting, reclining or sleeping purposes. This term includes any preformed article made of materials defined in this section and used for reclining, resting, or sitting purposes.

   Disinfection—The direct application of chemical or physical means to kill pathogenic agents.

   Down—The soft undercoat of water fowl consisting of the light fluffy filament growing from one quill point but without any quill shaft. The species of the down or a percentage thereof may be designated on the label. When the species of the down or a percentage thereof is designated on the label a minimum of 80% of the down or percentage thereof so designated must be of that species. An article labeled down or a percentage thereof shall contain a minimum of 80% of down, plumules and down fiber so designated.

   Excelsior—The fine shredded thread or ribbon-like fiber of wood. This term does not include waste products such as sawdust, shavings or similar materials. The term wood wool is prohibited and the label designation shall be excelsior.

   Feather fiber—The detached barbs of feathers which are not joined or attached to each other.

   Feathers—The terms ‘‘waterfowl feathers,’’ ‘‘landfowl feathers,’’ ‘‘goose feathers,’’ ‘‘duck feathers,’’ ‘‘chicken feathers,’’ ‘‘turkey feathers’’ and so forth, shall mean the feathers of the designated fowl which are whole in physical structure with the natural form and curvature originally found in the feathers. The species of the waterfowl feathers or percentage thereof, goose or duck, may be designated on the label. The species of the landfowl feathers or percentage thereof, chicken or turkey, shall be designated on the label. When the species of the waterfowl or landfowl feathers or percentage thereof is designated on the label, a minimum of 80% of the waterfowl feathers or landfowl feathers or a percentage thereof so designated must be of that species. Feathers, crushed feathers or down mixtures shall not be represented to contain a certain percentage of feathers, crushed feathers or down unless it in fact contains the stated percentage with due regard to the tolerances in the definitions of ‘‘down,’’ ‘‘feathers’’ and ‘‘crushed feathers.’’

   Felt—Any material which has been carded into layers or sheets by a garnetting or felting machine. This term shall not be used by itself but in conjunction with the name of the materials from which it is made. This term does not include felt scraps or repicked felt.

   Felted mixtures—Felt made from other than reprocessed fibers and containing the name and percentage of the fibers present, or made from reprocessed fibers containing the names and percentages of fibers present and labeled as felt made from reprocessed fibers. A tolerance of 10% shall be allowed.

   Foam—A polymerized material consisting of a mass of thin-walled cells produced chemically or physically. This term shall be placed on the tag along with the name of the organic base from which it is made.

   Garnetted clippings—Any new material which has been made into fabric and subsequently cut up, torn up, broken up, or ground up and which has been run through a garnetting machine and processed to a fibrous state so as to contain not more than 10% yarn or 2.0% fabric. The label designation shall be garnetted clippings.

   Glass fiber—Fibers made of spun glass. This term shall appear on the tag.

   Hair—The coarse, filamentous, epidermal outgrowth of animals such as horses, cattle, hogs and goats. This term shall not be used by itself but in conjunction with its particular source as follows:

     (i)   Body hair—The short soft hair removed from the bodies of animals.

     (ii)   Cattle hair—The hair from the tails of cattle.

     (iii)   Goat hair—The hair from any species.

     (iv)   Hog hair—The bristles and body hair of swine.

     (v)   Horse hair—The hair of the manes or tails of horses.

   Hair and fiber blends—The use of filling material of any origin in a mixture with hair. The kind and percentage by weight of each component of the mixture shall be designated on the label, and a tolerance of 10% shall be allowed.

   Hair blends—The use of two different origins of hair in a blend or mixture. The kind and percentage by weight of each shall be stated on the label, and a tolerance of 10% shall be allowed.

   Hair pad—Hair which is interwoven or punched on burlap or any other woven material or otherwise fabricated into a pad. Percentages of component materials shall reflect the hair and fiber content only.

   Hay—Grass, properly cured, dried and free from dust, dirt, burrs, sticks or other objectionable material. This term shall be designated on the tag.

   Jute—The fiber obtained from various species of corchorus plants.

   Jute pad—A pad made of jute fibers.

   Jute waste—The byproduct of rope or cordage, reclaimed rope ends or other fabricated material which have not previously been used for bailing or other purposes.

   Kapok—The fibrous growth contained in the pod of the Kapok tree, genus Ceiba Pentenda. This term shall be designated on the tag, and the use of the term silk floss is prohibited.

   Latex foam rubber—Natural or synthetic rubber latex which has been converted from a liquid state to a stable foamy mass and molded or otherwise assembled into suitable shapes for commercial use.

   Mattress—Any quilted pad, mattress, mattress pad, crib pad, mattress protector, bunk quilt or box spring stuffed or filled with any of the filling materials defined in this section, to be used on a couch or other bed for sleeping or reclining purposes.

   Milkweed—The fibrous growth attached to the seed within the pod of the milkweed plant, genus Asclepias.

   Moss—The material derived from the epiphte Tillandsia Useoides.

   New—Any material which has not been previously used for any purpose including by-products produced in the manufacture of new textile materials or fabrics and material reclaimed from new fabrics.

   Nylon fibers—anmade fibers made from any long synthetic polymeric amide which has recurring amide groups as an integral part of the main polymer chain and which is formed into a filament. This term or the term polymide fiber may be used on the tag.

   Palm fiber—The fibrous material obtained from the leaf of the palm, palmetto or palmyra tree.

   Person—Persons, partnerships, companies, corporations or associations.

   Pillow, bolster, feather bed or sleeping bags—Any bag, case or covering made of any material, transparent or opaque, and stuffed or filled with any of the filling materials defined in this section to be used on a bed, couch, divan, sofa, lounge or other article of furniture for sleeping or reclining purposes.

   Polyester fibers—Manmade fibers made from a long chain synthetic polymer which contains 85% or more of the polymeric ester produced from the reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol or other dyhydric alcohols and dicarboxylic acids or produced from hydroxy acids and which is formed into a filament. This term shall be used on the tag.

   Polyethylene fibers—Manmade fibers made from long chain polymers of ethylene and made into a filament. This term shall be used on the tag.

   Polyurethane fibers—Manmade fibers made from the copolymenzation of disocyanates and alcohols of diisocyanates and polyesters and formed into filaments. This term shall be used on the tag.

   Polyvinyl fibers—Manmade fibers made from copolymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and acrylontrile, after chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and copolymers of vinylidene chloride and other monomers and made into filaments. This term shall be used on the tag.

   Quill feathers—The wing and tail feathers of any fowl. This term shall be designated on the tag.

   Rayon—anmade fibers, monofilaments and continuous filament yarns composed of regenerated cellulose, with or without lesser amounts of nonfiber-forming materials. The terms cellulose or rayon fibers may be used on the tag.

   Redwood bark fibers—The fibers obtained from the bark of the California Redwood tree, genus Sequoia Sempervirens.

   Reprocessed fibers—Fibers reclaimed from any spun, knitted or woven product which is new. This term applies equally to fibers reclaimed from garnetted clippings, yarns or nappers. The names of the reprocessed fibers shall be set forth on the tag and the percentages of each given if more than one fiber is present.

   Reprocessed jute—Jute fibers reclaimed from unused fabric, cordage or other similar material. This term shall be designated on the tag.

   Resin treated cotton felt—Cotton impregnated with vinyl or other resins.

   Rubberized hair or rubberized curled hair—Any hair treated with natural or synthetic latex. When hair is rubberized, the label designation shall be rubberized hair, or if curled, rubberized curled hair, with the appropriate designation indicating its origin.

   Rubberized hair pieces—Trimmings and pieces of rubberized hair of indefinite size. The material shall be designated on the label as rubberized hair pieces or rubberized curled hair pieces, whichever term is applicable. When shredded, this material shall be labeled shredded rubberized hair. The term curled shall not be used.

   Sea grass—Any material obtained from maritime plants or seaweeds. This term shall appear on the tag.

   Secondhand—Any materials previously used for any purpose. Manufacturing process shall not constitute prior use.

   Shredded clippings—Any new fabric made from new materials which has been subsequently cut up, ground up, torn up or broken up and which contains more than 10% yarn or 2% fabric. This term shall be designated on the label.

   Shredded latex foam rubber—Latex foam rubber which has been subjected to a shredding process.

   Shredded sponge rubber—Sponge rubber which has been subjected to a shredding process.

   Shredded synthetic foam—Synthetic foams which have been subjected to a shredding process.

   Shoddy—Any material made from secondhand rags, clothing, yarn, fabric, clippings or nappings by a process of grinding, tearing, or breaking up. This material shall be sterilized. A yellow label shall be used with this designation on all secondhand material consisting of shoddy.

   Silk waste—The byproducts recovered from various machine operations necessary in the manufacture of threads of natural silk. This term shall appear on the tag.

   Sisal—The fiber obtained from the Agave plant. This term applies only to new material. If the material is made of waste or reclaimed fibers, the term, ‘‘reprocessed sisal fibers,’’ shall be used on the tag.

   Sisal shoddy—Reclaimed used cordage or other sisal material which has been fabricated and used for baling or other purposes and which shall be sterilized before use.

   Sponge rubber—Natural or synthetic solid rubber expanded into a cellular foam and molded or otherwise assembled into suitable shapes for commercial use.

   Staple cotton—The fibrous growth removed from the cotton seed by ginning. This term may be used on the tag.

   Starch fibers—Fibers made from long chains of amylose acetate units or regenerated amylose. This term shall be used on the tag.

   Steel wool—Fibrous material made from very fine steel wire. Either this term or the term steel fiber may appear on the tag.

   Sterilization—Any process which destroys bacteria—micro-organisms—not necessarily bacterial spones.

   Stripped feathers—The barbs of feathers stripped by any process from the quill shaft but not separated into feather fiber.

   Straw—The stalk or stem of grain such as wheat, rye, oats, rice, and the like after threshing. This term shall be designated on the tag. The kind of straw need not be designated but, if so indicated, shall be a true statement. The straw shall be free from chaff, beards, bristles, husks, glumes, dirt or other extraneous matter.

   Synthetic fibers—Any other synthetic fiber not defined in this section.

   Synthetic foam—Material made or synthetic products other than synthetic rubber and produced in a resilient foam-like state. This term shall not be used by itself. The label designation shall include terms describing the recurring units or groups of the polymerized product. For example, the foam derived from polyesters and diisocyanate shall be termed polyurethane foam.

   Tampico tula—The fibers from the leaves of plants such as Agave Iophantha or Hesperaloe Funifera. The term ‘‘tampico’’ shall be used on the tag, and if curled, the term ‘‘curled tampico’’ may be used.

   Tanners wool—The growth of wool removed from tanned sheep skins. This term shall be designated on the tag and classed as a new material.

   Tow—The fibrous coarse straw-like part of a plant recovered as a byproduct in securing commercial fibers and shall be further designated by the plant origin.

   Upholstered furniture—Any article of furniture stuffed or filled with any of the filling materials defined in this section, to be used for sitting, resting or reclining purposes.

   Wood fiber—Wood comminuted or reduced to a splintered or fragment piece of finer texture than excelsior.

   Wool blend—The byproducts recovered from the various machine operations necessary in the manufacture of wool yarn or the byproduct of the tanned sheep hide industry, except tanners’ wool. This term includes wool noils and may be used on the tag.

   Wool or virgin wool—Fleece of sheep or lamb scoured or scoured and carbonized and free from kemp and vegetable matter. This term shall not apply to the byproduct of any process of manufacture or sustained prior use. Either term may be used on the tag.

   The provisions of this §  47.1 amended September 17, 1976 , 6 Pa.B. 2278. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (9177) to (9183).

 (a)  This subchapter applies to the manufacture, repair, and renovation of all mattresses, pillows, bolsters, feather beds, comforters, all types of upholstered furniture, and other filled bedding of any description which are intended for sale, lease, or auction or which are sold, leased or auctioned within this Commonwealth.

 Any person who violates this subchapter or any regulations of the Department or who interferes with the Department or its duly authorized representative in the enforcement of these provisions or regulations shall, upon conviction, be punished in accordance with section 12 of act of May 27, 1937 (P. L. 926, No. 249) (35 P. S. §  983).

ADMINISTRATION

§ 47.11. Tags and stamps.

 (a)  Each new and secondhand article of upholstered furniture and each mattress, pillow, bolster, feather bed, comfortable, cushion and bulk filling material shall be tagged and stamped in accordance with this subchapter. Each manufacturer, upholsterer, secondhand dealer, renovator and auctioneer shall furnish his own labels.

 (b)  Tags shall be so located that the information contained on them is visible. When possible, they shall be securely sewed onto the pillows, mattresses or other material. They shall be securely attached by tacking or pasting.

 (c)  Every piece of upholstered furniture having one or more cushions shall have one tag when the cushions are a necessary part of that piece. This tag shall contain a statement of the filling materials used in the furniture as well as that used in the cushions. If extra cushions are provided each cushion shall have a separate tag.

 (d)  Separate tags shall be attached to each bundle, bale, piece, box, roll, container or other package of filling material composed of separable parts when sold, offered for sale, or delivered for use within this Commonwealth.

 (e)  On each tag shall be affixed an adhesive stamp issued by the Department. The stamp shall be affixed to the front of the tag but it shall not interfere with the statement of filling materials. The stamps shall always be visible.

 (a)  All filling material shall be free from acid, oil and dirt before it is used in manufactured products.

 (b)  The Department shall declare unfit for sale, lease or auction any article containing filling material found by laboratory analysis to be unclean or unsanitary.

LABELING

§ 47.21. Terminology for fillings.

 (a)  Tags shall be of good grade cloth which does not flake when abraded. Paper faced tags shall not be used.

 (b)  Vinyl tags may be approved when a heat-sealing process is used in the fabrication of vinyl covered articles.

 (c)  Tags shall not be less than 6 inches in area.

 (d)  Only the statement required by this subchapter shall appear on the tag. No advertisement or superfluous wordings are permitted. All matters may be placed on another tag and attached to the article in a manner so that it does not interfere with or contradict the statements on it. The official tag shall not be defaced in any manner.

 (e)  The kind of filling material used shall be stamped or printed on the tag in bold face type not less than 1/8 inch in height.

 (a)  The word ‘‘new’’ shall precede the statement of filling material if it is new. The word ‘‘secondhand’’ shall precede the statement of filling material if the filling material had prior use. The words ‘‘new’’ or ‘‘secondhand’’ shall appear on every tag.

 (b)  Each secondhand article covered by this subchapter including upholstered furniture, containing secondhand material or a portion of the material, shall bear securely attached to it and plainly visible a substantial yellow cloth tag upon which shall be indelibly stamped or printed, in the English language, a statement showing the kind of materials used in filling the article, with approximate percentages when mixed, and shall state whether sterilized and disinfected, with the permit or certificate number of the person or firm who performed such work.

 (c)  A secondhand framework to which is attached new upholstering material shall bear a yellow tag stating that such article consists of a secondhand frame of wood, iron or steel and the kind of filling materials used.

 (a)  Mixtures of filling material shall show the exact percentage by weight of each labeled ingredient of the mixture. The following shall serve as an example of the possible combinations of mixture and method of labeling for different materials:

   (1)  All new materials—
20% goose down
60% goose feathers
20% chicken feathers.

   (2)  50% new curled horse tail hair
50% new curled hog hair.

   (3)  80% new kapok
20% new cotton linters.

   (4)  All secondhand materials—
20% cotton linter felt
80% cotton linters.

 (b)  Feather or down mixtures shall be designated by the name, character, and percentage by weight of each material used or the entire mixture shall be designated by the name of the lowest grade of material used. A tolerance of 10% shall be allowed.

 Each article in which shoddy material is used shall be labeled to show the following:

   (1)  That it has been sterilized and disinfected.

   (2)  The permit number of the person or firm doing the sterilization.

   (3)  Its sources, such as the following:

     (i)   Shoddy from reworked wool material.

     (ii)   Shoddy from reworked rayon material.

     (iii)   Shoddy from reworked cotton material.

     (iv)   Shoddy from reworked secondhand clothing (materials to be stated).

 (a)  General. All feathers, down, wool, hair and shoddy shall be sterilized and disinfected before being used as filling material.

 (b)  Secondhand articles. All secondhand mattresses, pillows, bolsters, feather beds, comfortables, cushions and upholstered furniture shall be sterilized and disinfected before being resold. The filling material of such secondhand articles shall not again be used as filling material until after it has been sterilized. All secondhand filling material used in the making or renovating of upholstered furniture shall be sterilized and disinfected before being used.

 (c)  Methods. The following are approved methods of sterilization:

   (1)  Chemical gases. All material to be sterilized by this method shall be treated with formaldehyde in a moist atmosphere for a period of at least ten hours. Formaldehyde gas shall be generated from the use of one pint of formaldehyde solution (37%) to each 1,000 cubic feet of air space or through the use of any commercial fumigators which generate an equivalent quantity of gas. The moist atmosphere shall be produced by thorough sprinkling of the floor of the room with warm water just prior to fumigation. When the sterilizing vault is located within a building where workmen are employed, provision shall be made to exhaust the gases directly to the outside air. Both inlet and exhaust connections shall be equipped with gastight shutoff valves which can be operated from the outside of the vault. The vault door shall be kept locked during the process of sterilization. The safest and most convenient way to release the gas from the formaldehyde solution is to add to the solution 1/2 the amount of potassium permanganate. This boils the solution and releases the gas. To avoid boiling over, the mixing should be done in a large pail. Any of the commercial fumigators which use formaldehyde of the proper quantity and quality will be acceptable when evidence is given that the gas-generating power of the fumigator is equivalent of gas generated from one pint of formaldehyde solution (37%) to each 1,000 cubic feet of space.

   (2)  Steam. Sterilization by the use of steam shall conform to the following:

     (i)   All materials to be sterilized shall be subjected to treatment by steam under a pressure of 15 pounds maintained for 30 minutes or a pressure of 20 pounds maintained for 20 minutes.

     (ii)   As an alternate method, two applications of streaming steam, maintained for a period of one hour each, applied at intervals of not less than six nor more than 24 hours, may be used.

     (iii)   A gauge for registering steam pressure, visible from the outside of the room, shall be provided when steam under pressure is used, and valved outlets shall be provided near the bottom and the top of the room when streaming steam is employed.

   (3)  Heat. A temperature of 235°F held for a period of 2 hours, within a closed container is considered satisfactory for proper sterilization. This method is not recommended for furniture.

   (4)  Washing and drying. Feather pillows will be considered as having been sterilized when the feathers and ticking are kept intact without opening, and washed by a commercial laundry method with subsequent drying to remove moisture. Hair mattresses will be considered as having been sterilized when the hair is removed from the ticking and washed by a commercial laundry method and subsequently dried to remove all moisture, and when the ticking is washed and subsequently dried.

   (5)  Spray. Second-hand articles of bedding or upholstered furniture exposed for sale, lease or auction or delivered for purposes of reupholstering shall be considered as disinfected under the requirements of this chapter when the following process is used:

     (i)   A separate room, well ventilated to the outside, either naturally or mechanically, shall be provided and isolated from other parts of the establishment. The material or article shall be thoroughly sprayed over all surfaces and in all crevices and corners, including the frame of articles being renovated. A continuous action pressure sprayer shall be used applying a germicidal solution with insecticide additive, approved by the Industrial Board; which application shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

     (ii)   Such disinfected articles shall not be removed from the said isolated room prior to a 30-minute interval after the treatment. The spraying operator is required to use an approved type mask to prevent inhalation of chemicals.

   (6)  Other method. Any other method approved by the Board.

 (a)  A permit shall be issued by the Department to all persons engaged in sterilizing.

 (b)  An auctioneer shall fill out a sterilization form furnished by the Department immediately after sterilization and disinfection is completed and mail it to the Department, Division of Bedding and Upholstery.

 (c)  The Department may upon application issue a certificate authorizing an auctioneer to sterilize certain secondhand articles prior to public sale.

 (a)  All renovated articles shall be sterilized by a process registered and approved by the Department before returning the article to the owner.

 (b)  Materials or articles for fumigation or renovation from institutions such as nursing homes, hospitals, homes for the aged or infirmed, state or private, shall be fumigated or sterilized by chemicals, gas, or live steam. Mechanical renovators may be used to renovate bedding articles from private homes only.

 (c)  Renovating machines which depend upon ultraviolet ray or ozone generating devices for their disinfecting action may not be used to renovate articles or materials used in hospitals by patients suffering from communicable diseases.

ILLUSTRATED TAGS

§ 47.31. Illustrations.

 The following illustrated tags are applicable to various articles and materials and comply with the provisions of the law and this subchapter relating to labeling. If these provisions are followed, and approved stock is used, proofs need not be submitted but if any departure from the illustrated tags is contemplated two proofs shall be submitted before the tags are printed:

   (1)  Number 1. The white tag for new bulk filling materilas required to be sterilized, such as material derived from animal or fowl and for articles containing these types of materials, shall be as follows:

   (2)  Number 2. The white tag for new bulk filling materials not required to be sterilized, such as vegetable fibers, rubber synthetic fibers and articles containing these types of materials, shall be as follows:

   (3)  Number 3. The yellow tag for articles of secondhand nature and secondhand bulk filling materials shall be as follows:

   (4)  Number 4. The yellow tag for renovated articles to be returned to the owner shall be as follows:

   (5)  Number 5. The yellow tag for articles to be leased shall be as follows:

 The Commonwealth approves and recognizes the uniform registry number and will accept the registration number issued by another state if the registrant so desires, and if such registration follows the policy of uniform registration. This policy is intended to benefit the registrant by requiring but one registration to be imprinted on the law labels used, regardless of where the merchandise may be shipped. The registration number shall be preceded by the name of the state, which may be abbreviated, issuing registration number, and if the factory is located in another state than that issuing the registration number, then the name of the state in which the factory is located shall follow the registration number in parenthesis. The Commonwealth will accept the permit number issued by another state if the applicant so desires and if approval is granted and a Commonwealth sterilization or disinfection permit is issued to applicant bearing the number.

Subchapter B. CEREAL MILLS, MALT HOUSES AND
GRAIN ELEVATORS

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec.

§ 47.51. Scope.

 Any person who violates this subchapter or any regulations of the Department or who interferes with the Department or its duly authorized representative in the enforcement of these provisions or regulations shall be penalized under section 15 of act of May 18, 1937 (P. L. 654, No. 174) (43 P. S. §  25-15).

SPECIFICATIONS

§ 47.61. Buildings and elevators.

 (a)  Application. The standards as set out in this subchapter apply to all establishments commonly known as flour, feed, cereal mills and grain elevators, and to malt house elevators where such elevators are specifically referred to.

 (b)  Approval. Plans and specifications for all new mills constructed shall be submitted in duplicate to the Department for inspection, and no new building shall be operated as a mill until approved by the Department.

 (c)  Elevator pits. Pits for elevator boots shall be constructed of cement or its equivalent, and have a clearance of not less than three feet on one side or two on each of two sides of the boots.

 (a)  Emergency stops. Emergency stops are not required in cereal mills, malt houses and grain elevators. The apparatus shall be arranged so that they may be stopped as a whole, as promptly as practicable, and in a manner which meets the approval of the Department.

 (b)  Guarding. The Department may upon written application grant an exception to the requirements as to guarding of individual shafts, pulleys and belts in basements containing only power transmission equipment and machines not operated from the basement, if there are no entrances to the basement from the exterior of the mill and if each entrance to the basement from the mill is equipped with a self-closing door or gate with a sign on it as follows:

DANGER
RUNNING MACHINERY
KEEP OUT

 (c)  Additional exception. In basements containing machines operated from the basement, the exception set forth in subsection (a) may be similarly granted for the shafts, pulleys and belts in that part of the basement in which there are no machines if the following conditions exist:

   (1)  There are no entrances to the basement from the exterior of the mill.

   (2)  A standard railing separates this part from that containing the machine.

   (3)  Each entrance to that part of the basement containing no machines has a self-closing door or gate with a sign on it as follows:

DANGER
RUNNING MACHINERY
KEEP OUT

 (a)  Artificial lighting. All buildings shall be constructed to afford ample daylight for all working parts. Artificial lights shall be provided in accordance with Chapter 27 (relating to lighting) when daylight is not available. In spaces occupied by machinery, or in spaces where dust may collect, open lights are not permitted, except gas lights with hoods, approved by the insurance underwriters. Only standard enclosed tubular lanterns shall be used.

 (b)  Belt conveyors. All belt conveyors for receiving grain shall have at the point of charge, a hood connected with an exhaust fan of sufficient capacity to remove or prevent the escape of all dust arising from the conveyor, and the fan shall be kept in operation when the conveyor is in use, unless another equally effective dust removing system is provided. This requirement shall not apply to the point at which a railroad car hopper discharges onto a belt conveyor.

 (c)  Grain garners and malt house elevators. It is recommended that tops of grain garners over scales be covered with wood, metal or other impervious material, and the covers be tight fitting to prevent entirely the escape of dust. This recommendation applies to malt house elevators.

 (d)  Grain hoppers. Until grain is thoroughly cleaned, hoppers for weighing shall be provided with tight fitting covers of wood, metal or other material, impervious to dust and with flexible dustproof connections to the botton of the garner, if there is a garner. This requirement applies only to weighing hoppers located indoors and to malt house elevators.

 (a)  It is recommended that metal cans with self-closing covers be placed on each floor of buildings containing machinery in which to place oiling waste or other combustible material.

 (a)  Dust or stive rooms shall not be used. A fan discharging dust shall discharge either to the outer air at such points where the dust may not reenter the mill or an adjacent building, or to a dust collector, and the air vent or outlet to every cyclone dust collector shall discharge to the outer air or to another dust collector. All tubular dust collectors, shall be maintained in a proper state of repair to prevent leakage of dust into the room. A fan, which discharges into any dust collector, shall be kept in operation at all times while the machine or machines with which it is connected are in operation. There shall be no direct connection between dust collectors and boiler rooms or incinerators. This requirement applies to malt house elevators.

 (a)  It is recommended that approved 2 1/2 gallon chemical extinguishers be distributed throughout the building in the proportion of not less than one to each 2,500 square feet of floor area, and placed at readily accessible points near the usual working place of workmen. Three pails and 50 gallon cans of water may be considered the equivalent of one 2 1/2 gallon extinguisher.

 (b)  It is recommended that near each electric motor or other large electric appliance, at least a one quart chemical extinguisher of carbon tetrachloride type should be provided. This recommendation also applies to malt house elevators but not to buildings equipped with an approved sprinkler system.

Subchapter C. DRY COLOR INDUSTRY

Sec.

§ 47.81. Scope.

 (a)  Each employer shall, without cost to his employes, provide and maintain workrooms which are adequately lighted and so ventilated and arranged that there is a continuous and sufficient change of air for the protection of his employes who are engaged in any work or process in which is used, in dry form, carbonate of lead, red lead, litharge, orange mineral, basic lead sulphate (sublimed white lead), chromate of lead, arsenate of lead, sugar of lead, fluosilicate of lead, lead nitrate or any other form or compound containing lead in excess of 10% entering into the composition of any dry color or other compound sold as such. All rooms shall have a smooth floor permitting an easy removal of dust by vacuum cleaning, by flushing the floor with water or by sweeping after the floor has been sprinkled with a sufficient quantity of wet sawdust to lay all dust. The walls of the room shall be smooth and it is recommended that they be either painted or whitewashed at frequent intervals permitting an easy removal of dust by vacuum cleaning or by flushing the walls with water. Dry sweeping of the floors and walls is prohibited.

 (b)  The daily removal of all dust from floors and walls by vacuum cleaning is recommended as the best and most economical method of cleaning.

 Persons engaged in occupations involving exposure to lead dusts, lead fumes or lead solutions in any form shall be at least 18 years of age and shall be physically examined at the expense of the employer by a licensed physician at least once every 30 days. Records of the examination shall be kept on file and available to inspectors of the Department.

 (a)  Other provisions. All power transmission machinery, railings and toeboards, stationary steam engines, boilers, ladders, fire prevention, elevators and artificial lighting shall conform to the requirements of the appropriate chapter and subchapter of Part I (relating to Department of Labor and Industry).

 (b)  Respirators. When this subchapter requires it, the employer shall provide and renew when necessary, without cost to the employe, at least one reasonably effective respirator for each employe, and the employe shall keep it clean and use it at all times while at work.

 (a)  Scope. This section sets forth sanitary requirements for employes handling dry lead or dry compounds containing lead in excess of 10%.

 (b)  Washing facilities. The employer shall provide washrooms which shall be separate and apart from the workrooms, kept clean and equipped with any of the following:

   (1)  At least one lavatory basin for every five employes, fitted with waste pipes and two spigots conveying hot and cold water.

   (2)  Basins placed in troughs fitted with waste pipes and for each basin two spigots conveying hot and cold water, and at least one basin for every five employes.

   (3)  Troughs of enamel or similar smooth, impervious material, fitted with waste pipes and for every 2 feet of trough length two spigots conveying hot and cold water, and at least 2 feet of trough length for every five employes.

   (4)  Troughs of enamel or similar smooth, impervious material, fitted with waste pipes without plugs, but with a continuous spray of warm water.

 (c)  Nail brushes, towels and soap. The employer shall furnish nail brushes and soap, and at least three clean fabric towels each week for each employe, or a sufficient number of sanitary paper towels.

 (d)  Time allowance. A time allowance of 10 minutes at the expense of the employer shall be made to each employe for the use of such washrooms before the lunch hour and at the close of each work day.

 (e)  Shower bath. The employer shall provide at least one shower bath for every ten employes. The baths shall be approached by wooden runways, with movable wooden floor gratings, and with hot and cold water controlled within each individual bath. The baths shall be kept clean.

 (f)  Use of shower baths. The employer shall provide at least two clean fabric bath towels per week for each employe. An additional time allowance of ten minutes at the expense of the employer shall be made to each employe for the use of such baths at least twice a week at the close of the work day. It shall be the duty of all employes to use the washing facilities furnished by the employer.

 (g)  Urinals. Urinals and water closets shall be furnished in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 41 (relating to sanitation).

 (h)  Locker rooms. The employer shall provide dressing rooms which shall be adequately heated when necessary and separate from the workrooms and be furnished with a double sanitary locker or two single sanitary lockers for each employe. The room and the lockers shall be kept clean and sanitary. In lieu of lockers, wire baskets for clothes may be provided, which shall be attached to a rope passed through a pulley and pulled up to the ceiling when containing clothing.

 (i)  Eating rooms. The employer shall furnish and keep clean eating rooms with a sufficient number of tables and seats. The eating rooms shall be separate from the workrooms.

 (j)  Eating in workrooms. No employe or other person shall take or be permitted to take any food or drink of any kind into any workroom, nor shall any employe remain or be permitted to remain in any workroom during the time allowed for meals.

 (k)  Drinking fountains. The employer shall provide and maintain either a sufficient number of sanitary drinking fountains readily accessible for the use of all employes, or individual drinking cups.

 (l)  Overalls. The employer shall provide without cost to the employe, at least one pair of overalls and one jumper for each employe, repair and renew such clothing when necessary, and wash them at least once each week.

 (m)  Notice. The employer shall post in a conspicuous place in each workroom, washroom, dressing room, and eating room the following notice:

DANGERS OF LEAD

AVOID LEAD POISONING

   Keep Lead Dust Out of Your Nose

      Wear a respirator when working in lead dust.
      Do no dry sweeping. Clean floors and walls with a vacuum cleaner, wash them with water, or sweep only when dust has been laid with wet sawdust or similar material.

   Keep Lead Dust Out of Your Mouth
      Before eating and before leaving work wash hands, arms, and face with soap and warm water, and rinse mouth thoroughly.
      Keep fingernails short and clean, scrub hands with a brush, soap, and warm water.
      Keep beard and moustache cut short, or better still be clean shaven as it is hard to wash dust from hair.
      Bathe often, every day if possible.
      Take no food into the workroom; it will gather dust that you will eat later on.
      Chew no tobacco while at work; lead is sure to reach your mouth when you handle your tobacco with unwashed hands.

 (a)  Generally. The employer shall cause every employe who is exposed to lead dusts, lead fumes or lead solutions, to be physically examined at least once a month by a licensed physician to ascertain if symptoms of lead poisoning appear in any employe. The employe shall submit himself to the monthly examination, and to examination at other times and places as he may reasonably be requested by the employer, and he shall fully and truly answer all questions in regard to his physical condition asked by the examining physician. These examinations shall be made by a licensed physician, designated and paid by the employer, and shall be made during the working hours. A time allowance at the expense of the employer shall be made to each employe so examined.

 (b)  Record. Each physician making an examination as required by subsection (a) and finding what he believes to be symptoms of lead poisoning, shall enter, in a book kept for that purpose in the office of the employer, a record of such examination, containing the name and address of the employe so examined, the particular work or process in which he is engaged, the date, place, and finding of such examination, and the directions given in each case by the physician. The record shall be open to inspection at all reasonable times by inspectors of the Department.

 (a)  Handrails and toeboards. All tanks shall be protected by handrailings and toeboards in accordance with the requirements of Subchapter G (relating to railings, toeboards, open-sided floors, platforms and runways).

 (b)  Gloves and respirators. Chromates shall only be handled by employes wearing suitable gloves furnished by the employer without charge. When material is handled dry, employes shall wear an efficient respirator furnished by the employer.

 (c)  Goggles. The employer shall provide suitable goggles for all employes handling oil of vitriol, nitric acid, nitrous iron liquor and muriatic acid. All employes shall wear such goggles at all times when handling the acids.

 (d)  Caustic soda. Fused caustic soda may be used in processes where the entire contents of the drum are dissolved without breaking up. When lesser quantities are used, only granulated caustic soda is permitted, and the granulated caustic soda may be handled only by men wearing a suitable type of head covering.

 (e)  Paranitraniline. It is recommended that weighing and dissolving of dry paranitraniline be done under a hood connected with an efficient air exhaust. Employes engaged in the work shall protect their bodies with suitable clothing, suitable gloves and an efficient respirator furnished by the employer without expense to the employe.

 (f)  Nitrous fumes. All oxidizing tanks for blues within the building which subject employes to the danger of either chlorine or nitrous fumes shall have either tight fitting covers or proper hoods connected with an efficient mechanical air exhaust.

 (g)  Nitrous iron liquor. All tanks for the manufacture of nitrous iron liquor shall be placed in a building or room separate and apart from other workwooms, and all tanks shall be covered with tight fitting covers connected with an efficient air exhaust.

 (h)  Lead salts. All vats in which solutions of soluble lead salts are boiled shall be protected by suitable hoods.

 (i)  Lead solutions. It is recommended that lead solutions be made in large quantities and from either metallic lead or litharge. If litharge is used it shall be dampened.

 (a)  Mechanisms. In the manufacture of parareds the diazotised solution shall be run through double cheesecloth or other filtering medium when going to the precipitating tanks.

 (b)  Gloves. All workers engaged in filter-pressing compounds containing either lead or arsenic shall wear suitable gloves furnished by the employer for their protection.

 (c)  Respiration and gloves. Employes handling dry color cakes containing lead or arsenic shall wear suitable gloves and respirators furnished by the employer and such substances shall not be emptied in the dry room.

 (a)  Exhaust system. Crushing mills, grinding mills and sieving machines, operating on material in a dry state if containing lead in excess of 10% shall be connected with an efficient air exhaust and dust collecting system, plans for which shall be submitted to and approved by the Department.

 (b)  Packing. Dry packing of material containing lead in excess of 10% or arsenic, shall be carried on by an approved type of packing machine. If material is packed by hand, employes shall wear approved respirators.

 A person who violates this subchapter or regulations of the Department or who interferes with the Department or its authorized representative in the enforcement of these regulations or this subchapter shall be penalized under section 15 of act of May 18, 1937 (P. L. 654, No. 174) (43 P. S. §  25-15).

Subchapter D. FACILITIES FOR HANDICAPPED

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec.

§ 47.111. Scope.

 (a)  This subchapter pertains to buildings of assembly, educational institutions and office buildings which are constructed in whole or in part by the use of Commonwealth funds or the funds of an instrumentality of the Commonwealth, and sets forth rules, standards and specifications that apply to those buildings and facilities constructed in this Commonwealth after 1965 except those buildings or facilities for which contracts for the planning or design have been awarded prior to September 1, 1965.

 (b)  If the existing or designed dimensions are within 5% of the maximum or minimum specified, they shall be deemed to comply with this subchapter.

   The provisions of this §  47.111 amended July 22, 1971, 1 Pa.B. 1652.

 A person who violates this subchapter or regulations of the Department or who interferes with the Department or its authorized representative in the enforcement of the regulations and this subchapter shall be penalized under the act of September 1, 1965 (P. L. 1613, No. 235) (71 P. S. § §  1455.1—1455.3a) and the act of April 27, 1927 (P. L. 465, No. 299) (35 P. S. § §  1221—1235).

   This section cited in 31 Pa. Code §  243.6 (relating to standards for institutional plan of risk management for hospitals and nursing homes); and 31 Pa. Code §  244.3 (relating to standards for institutional plan of risk management for hospitals and nursing homes).

GROUNDS, BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES

§ 47.121. Walks.

 There shall be at least one walk serving each of the buildings as set forth in §  47.111 (relating to scope) conforming to the following specifications:

   (1)  Be at least 48 inches wide with a slope no portion of which is steeper than 5%.

   (2)  Be of a continuing common surface uninterrupted by steps or abrupt changes in grade.

   (3)  Blend to a common level whenever the walk crosses other walks, driveways or parking lots.

   (4)  Have a level platform at the building entrance which it serves and the platform shall be at least 5 feet square if a door swings out on to the platform or toward the walk; the platform shall extend at least 1 foot beyond each side of the doorway.

   (5)  Have a level platform at least 3 feet deep and 5 feet wide if the door does not swing on to the platform or toward the walk; the platform shall extend at least 1 foot beyond each side of the doorway.

 At least one parking area for handicapped persons shall be made accessible to each building either by placing the parking level at the grade level of the building or by providing ramps to bypass curbs or steps between the parking area and the building. The ramps, when provided, shall be in accordance with this subchapter.

 When ramps are required they shall conform to the following specifications:

   (1)  Each ramp shall have a slope no greater than 1 foot rise in 12 feet of run or 8.33% grade or 4 degrees and 50 minutes deflection.

   (2)  Each ramp shall have a handrail on at least one side or preferably on both sides. If the width of the ramp exceeds 84 inches, there shall be an intermediate rail in the ramp. The top of handrails shall be 32 inches above the surface of the ramp and extend one foot beyond the top and bottom of the ramp.

   (3)  Each ramp shall be at least 32 inches wide (inside clear measurements) and have a nonslip surface.

   (4)  If a door swings out onto the platform or toward the ramp, such ramp shall be at least 5 feet square. This platform shall be clear of the door frame.

   (5)  If the door does not swing on to the platform or toward the ramp, this platform shall be at least 3 feet deep and 5 feet wide, and clear of the door frame.

   (6)  The bottom of the ramp shall have at least 6 feet level run.

   (7)  If the length of the ramp exceeds 30 feet, level platforms shall be provided at 30 foot intervals, and at turns in the ramp. These platforms shall be at least 32 inches wide (in all cases the width of the ramp) by 5 feet long.

 (a)  Each building shall have at least one entrance accessible to individuals in wheelchairs. When this building is equipped with elevators, this entrance shall provide access to the elevator either on a level plane or by ramp.

 (b)  Doors which serve as closures for the entrance shall have a clear opening of not less than 32 inches, be double acting and operable by a single effort. The floor on the inside and outside of each doorway shall be level for a distance of 5 feet on each side of the doorway and shall extend 1 foot beyond each side of the door. Sharp inclines and abrupt changes in level shall be avoided at door sills. If practical, thresholds shall be flush with the floor or otherwise offer little resistance to the operation of a wheel chair.

 Steps in stairs shall be designed whenever practical to lack nosing. This requirement is in addition to the requirements of Chapters 49—59 that no treads may be less than 10 inches. It is recommended that steps, if possible and in conformation with existing step formulas, have risers that do not exceed 7 inches. Stairs shall have handrails 32 inches high measured from the tread at the face of the riser, and at least one handrail which extends at least 18 inches beyond the top step and beyond the bottom step.

 Floors, if practical, shall have a nonslip surface. Floors on the same story shall be of a common level throughout or be connected by a ramp in accordance with provisions of this subchapter.

 (a)  On each floor of the building there shall be at least one toilet room for each sex equipped in accordance with the following specifications:

   (1)  Toilet rooms shall be accessible to and usable by the physically handicapped and shall have space to allow traffic of individuals in wheel chairs.

   (2)  Toilet rooms shall have at least one toilet stall that meets the following requirements:

     (i)   Three feet in width.

     (ii)   At least 4 feet 8 inches, but preferably 5 feet, in depth.

     (iii)   A door, if doors are used, 32 inches in width that swings out.

     (iv)   Grab bars or handrails on each side 33 inches in height and parallel to the floor, 1 inch or more on outside diameter with one to 1/2 inch clearance between the rail and the wall and which is securely fastened at the ends and center.

     (v)   A water closet with the seat 20 inches from the floor.

   (3)  Toilet stalls shall be furnished for each sex in accordance with the following table:

   (4)  Toilet stalls shall be provided for each sex in the ratio of at least one for each 25 or less persons.

   (5)  Toilet rooms shall have either lavatories with narrow aprons, which, when mounted at standard height, are usable by individuals in wheelchairs, or lavatories mounted higher, when particular designs demand, so that they are usable by individuals in wheelchairs.

   (6)  Mirrors and shelves shall be provided above lavatories at a height as low as practical but no higher than 40 inches above the floor, measured from the top of the shelf and the bottom of the mirror.

   (7)  Toilet rooms for men shall have either an appropriate number of wall-mounted urinals with the opening of the basin 19 inches from the floor or an appropriate number of floor-mounted urinals that are on a level with the main floor of the toilet room.

   (8)  Toilet rooms shall have an appropriate number of towel racks, towel dispensers and other dispensers and disposal units mounted no higher than 40 inches from the floor.

   (9)  An appropriate number of water fountains or other water-dispensing means shall be accessible to and usable by the physically disabled. Water fountains or coolers shall have up-front spouts and controls, and be either hand-operated or hand-and-foot operated.

 (b)  Toilet rooms may be located one floor above or below the regular place of occupancy of the person or persons for whose use they are provided in those buildings if there are a sufficient number of passenger elevators.

 When elevators are provided at least one designated elevator shall be accessible to and usable by the physically disabled at all levels normally used by the general public. Elevators shall be self-leveling. Doors shall be slow-closing and shall not close if anything is in the opening, the sensing for which shall be done without touching the intervening object. However, in the event of failure of the sensing device a mechanical safety edge may be employed as an additional safety feature. When photoelectric eyes are installed, which shall be a minimum of two in number, they shall be located not less than 6 inches, nor more than 36 inches, above the car threshold. Elevators shall be designed to allow traffic by wheelchairs.

   The provisions of §  47.128 amended July 22, 1971, 1 Pa.B. 1435.

 Switches and controls for light, heat, ventilation, windows, draperies, elevators and similar controls of frequent or essential use, shall be placed within the reach of individuals in wheel chairs, and in no occasion at a level of more than 40 inches above the floor.

 If phone booths are provided in the buildings at least one phone booth shall have a door wide enough to admit a wheel chair and a seat higher than normal.

 (a)  Every effort shall be exercised to obviate hazards to individuals with physical disabilities. Lighting in doorways, toilets and areas of similar importance shall be adequate and nonglare.

 (b)  If practical, electronically-operated doors shall be used in public corridors. The doors shall be of a type approved by the Board.

   This section cited in 31 Pa. Code §  243.6 (relating to standards for institutional plan of risk management for hospitals and nursing homes); and 31 Pa. Code §  244.3 (relating to standards for institutional plan of risk management for hospitals and nursing homes).

Subchapter E. FOUNDRIES

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec.

§ 47.151. Definitions.

 Any person who violates this subchapter or any regulations of the Department or who interferes with the Department or its duly authorized representative in the enforcement of these provisions or regulations shall be penalized under the provisions of section 15 of act of May 18, 1937 (P. L. 654, No. 174) (43 P. S. §  25-15).

SPECIFICATIONS

§ 47.161. Entrances and windows.

 (a)  Main gangways, where metal is carried by hand, bull or truck ladles, shall be not less than 5 feet wide. Truck-ladle gangways, which are not main gangways, shall be not less than 4 feet wide. Bull-ladle aisles between floors shall be not less than 3 feet wide. Single hand-ladle or buggy-ladle aisles between floors shall be not less than 18 inches wide. When trolleys are used over molding floors for pouring metal, the aisles shall be of sufficient width to permit the safe ingress and egress of employes and the safe use of the ladles. When it is necessary to occupy the central portion of the floor space in the production of castings, continuous gangway space shall be provided.

 (a)  Ventilation. When smoke, steam, gases or dust, arising from any of the operations of the foundry, are dangerous to health or eyes, and when a natural circulation of air does not carry off such smoke, steam, gases or dust there shall be installed and operated hoods, ventilators, fans or other mechanical means of ventilation.

 (b)  Castings. The cleaning and chipping of castings shall be done in separate cleaning rooms, except that in existing installations where traveling cranes or cars are used for conveying castings into the rooms, a separating partition shall be erected not less than 12 feet in height. In existing installations, where the crane cage or crane girders do not permit the erection of a 12 foot partition, the height of the partition may be reduced sufficiently to permit the clearance of cranes and cars. Large castings may be chipped or cleaned by hand in the molding and casting room, if sufficient protection is furnished by the use of a curtain, screen, or some other means equally good to protect employes who are otherwise employed in the cleaning rooms. This requirement does not apply if mechanical contrivances are used for cleaning castings, and the dust and particles arising from it are effectively removed at the point of origin by an exhaust system.

 (c)  Exhaust systems. When tumbler mills are used, exhaust systems shall be installed to carry off effectively the dust arising from the cleaning of castings, except when the mill is operated outside the foundry. This requirement shall not prohibit the use of a water barrel to clean castings. Sand blast operations shall be carried on in the open air or in a separate room solely for such purposes. The milling of cupola cinders, when done inside the foundry, shall be carried on by an exhaust or water mill.

 (d)  Floor slope. The floor beneath and immediately surrounding the cupola shall slope and drain away from the base of it.

 (a)  Lighting. The lighting of foundries shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 27 (relating to lighting).

 (b)  Heating. Proper and sufficient heat shall be provided and maintained in each foundry. Open fires may be used for the drying of molds or cores if coke containing less than 1% of sulphur is used. Also charcoal, gas or oils may be so used. If practicable, such drying of molds or cores shall be done at night.

 (c)  Drying of ladles. All hand and bull ladles shall be dried in ovens or outside of the foundry. A sufficient number of sheet-iron shields shall be available in iron foundries for use in covering hand and bull ladles.

 (a)  Toilet rooms. Each foundry employing ten or more persons shall provide and maintain for the use of the employes, in a place conveniently accessible and connected with the foundry making it accessible without exposure to the open air, a toilet room of suitable size in which the employes may change their clothes. The toilet rooms shall have washbowls or washtroughs so arranged that water does not stand in them, of sufficient capacity adequately equipped with hot and cold water service. The washrooms shall be kept clean and sanitary and properly heated during cold weather. Each foundry shall establish and maintain separate from such toilet rooms, a suitable water closet. The toilet room and the water closet shall be connected with the foundry building making them accessible to it without exposure to the open air. They shall be properly heated, ventilated, cleaned and protected from the dust of the foundry. The requirement of the covered passageway between the foundry and the toilet rooms shall not apply to employes who as an ordinary part of their occupation work out of doors at all seasons of the year.

 (b)  Toilet facilities. Each foundry shall provide water closets or chemicals closets of an approved type, separate for each sex, in accordance with the following table:

 (c)  Additional employes. For each additional 45 employes, or part of that number, the foundry shall provide one additional water closet.

 (d)  Number of employes. If less than 30 males are employed at one time, there shall be provided one individual urinal. If more than 30 and less than 80 males are employed, two urinals shall be provided, and thereafter one individual urinal shall be provided for every 80 men, or part of that number, employed. At least two linear feet of trough or slab urinal shall be considered the equivalent of one individual urinal.

 (e)  Washbasins. Washbasins with faucets for hot and cold water shall be supplied in accordance with the following table:

 (f)  Additional employes. For each additional 25 employes, or part of that number, at least one additional washbasin shall be supplied. Two feet of trough and two faucets supplying hot and cold water, so arranged that the water supply may be mixed to the desired temperature, shall be considered the equivalent of a washbasin as setout in subsection (e). If it is desirable to mix the water supply at some location remote from the trough, an outlet for the mixed supply shall be provided for at least every 2 feet of trough.

 (g)  Shower baths. Washrooms installed after 1927, where 20 to 50 men are employed, shall be provided with at least one shower bath with an ample supply of hot and cold water. For each additional 50 men, or part of that number, at least one additional shower bath shall be provided.

 (h)  Passageway. If workmen are employed in heated rooms or buildings of foundries, and the required toilet facilities are provided in adjacent buildings or rooms, a covered passageway leading to such facilities shall be made to protect the workmen from a sudden change of temperature.

 (a)  Inspectors. Ladles, shanks, tongs, slings, yokes, skimmers, and slag hoes used in the pouring of molten metal shall, prior to their use, be inspected daily as to their safety by the men preparing and using them. A regular inspection as to their safety shall be made once a month by a man designated for that purpose. A monthly inspection shall also be made of the chains and cables on counterweights used in connection with drying ovens, and a record kept of such inspections.

 (b)  Fireways. Fireways connected with drying ovens, when built in the floor, shall at all times be protected by either a substantial protecting cover or a standard railing as defined in Subchapter G (relating to railing, toeboards, open-sided floors, platforms and runways).

 (c)  Trapdoors. Trapdoors shall be guarded when open, either by standard railings as defined in Subchapter G or by watchman. All pits shall be covered or railed when not in use and sufficiently guarded at other times.

 (d)  Passageways and stairs. Passageways, stairways, inclines, runways, charging decks and platforms shall be properly lighted and have tread surfaces so constructed and maintained that persons walking on them do not slip or trip, and safeguarded with standard railings as defined in Subchapter G.

 (e)  Worm gears. All ladles pouring from the lip of 2,000 or more pounds capacity shall be equipped with a worm geared device for tilting the device. Ladles not so equipped shall be changed to conform with this requirement. All crane truck and trolley pouring ladles shall be so constructed that the center of gravity is below the bail, unless ladles are equipped with a geared device and a clip to prevent overturning.

 (f)  Trunions. Trunions on flasks shall sustain the loads they are required to handle. Trunions constructed after 1927 shall be carefully designed to carry the load they are to handle and constructed with a factor of safety of at least ten including bolts when they are used. The diameter of the button shall be equal to the diameter of the groove plus 1 1/2 times the diameter of the sling used to handle the flask. Inside corners shall be well filleted, and, in order to prevent the sling slipping off or riding the button, the radius of the corner between groove and button shall be approximately equal to the radius of the sling used with the remainder of the inside edge of the button straight. All trunions constructed after October 1, 1915, shall bear the date of their construction.

 (g)  Explosives. The use of high explosives on the foundry premises for the breaking of castings is prohibited unless effective protection is provided.

 (h)  Drop. The breaking of castings by the use of a drop inside the foundry during working hours is prohibited.

 (i)  Drop outside the foundry. When a drop is used for the breaking of castings or scrap outside of the foundry, a permanent shield of heavy planking or other effective protection shall be provided.

 (j)  Safety devices. Each employe shall use safety devices furnished for his protection by the employer, when there is a hazard connected with his employment.

 (k)  Legs and feet. Persons employed in iron or steel foundries who remove or handle pots or ladles containing molten metal from furnaces shall be provided with protection for the legs and feet and worn at all times while engaged in such work.

 (l)  Head and eye. Each employe whose head, eyes or neck is subject to injury from flying particles, heat or glare, or from the handling of molten metal shall be provided with and use protection as specified in Chapter 39, Subchapter C (relating to head and eye protection).

 (m)  Tumbler barrels. Tumbling barrels shall be guarded as follows:

   (1)  All drive belts, gears and shafting shall be guarded as required by Chapter 29 (relating to mechanical apparatus—miscellaneous) on all types of tumbling barrels.

   (2)  Horizontal revolving and reciprocating tumbling barrels operated singly or in a single line shall be guarded as follows:

     (i)   Loading and unloading sides shall be guarded either by a guard 6 feet high with not more than 1/2 inch mesh, such guard rising vertically or inclined, or a hood over the barrel supported by counterweights. In either method it shall be interlocked with a belt shifter.

     (ii)   When a clearance of 15 inches on all sides of the barrel is obtained and the barrel revolved upwards from the loading and unloading sides with all projections pointed downward, no enclosure is required.

 (a)  When rooms in which core ovens are located adjoin rooms where cores are made by females, and where the making of cores and the baking of cores are simultaneous operations, the partition between the rooms shall be constructed of concrete, hollow tile, brick, metal or other similar material, and there shall be in the partition only openings that are required by the nature of the business.

 (b)  Openings in partitions between the core oven room and the room in which females are employed shall be vestibuled with a revolving device, or double doors which shall be self-locking, or any other self-closing device equally effective. The device shall be kept in a condition that gases, fumes and smoke are effectively trapped.

 (a)  Generally. The regulations relating to dust, smoke, gases, fumes, ventilation, sanitation, heat, light, gangways, aisles, safety appliances, washrooms, cleaning rooms, drying and locker accommodations, as specified for iron and steel foundries, shall apply to brass foundries, except that main gangways shall be not less than 4 feet wide and gangways between molds on spill troughs not less than 3 feet wide.

 (b)  Platform. When the crown plate of an upright melting furnace is elevated above the surrounding floor in excess of 12 inches, the furnace shall be equipped with a platform guarded with a standard railing. The platform shall be constructed of metal or other fire-resistive material, extend along the front and sides of the furnace flush with the crown plate, be at least 4 feet in width, and be clear of all obstructions during pouring time. If the platform is elevated above the floor in excess of 12 inches, the lowering from the platform of crucibles containing molten metal shall be by mechanical means.

 (c)  Crucibles. When the combined weight of a crucible, tongs and molten metal exceeds 100 pounds, it shall be removed from the furnace and deposited on the floor by mechanical means.

 (d)  Smoke boxes. When smoke finish is desired on molds made on benches or tubs, smoke boxes which shall effectively trap the smoke shall be used and connected with flues to the outer air.

 (e)  Molders. When molders work side by side, at least 5 feet of space sideways shall be allowed for each employe, and a clear space of 3 feet shall be provided back of each employe.

 (f)  Ventilators. Hoods shall be provided directly above all brass melting furnaces using gas or oil as fuel, which effectively trap all gases and fumes generated in the melting of the metal. The hoods shall be provided with outlet pipes to lead the gases or fumes to the outer air. Ventilators shall be provided over all other furnaces used for melting brass or composition metal to effectively remove the gases above the furnaces.

 (g)  Light. Brass foundries shall be provided with natural light from at least two sides, or from at least one side with skylights in the roof.

 (h)  Legs and feet. Persons removing or handling pots containing molten metal from furnaces shall be provided with protection for the legs and feet.

 (i)  Dirt riddling. Gangway dirt and floor scrapings shall not be riddled in the room where workmen are employed, unless it is dampened so as to prevent the rising of dust.

 (j)  Stoves. When stoves for drying molds are located in the rooms used by workmen they shall be surrounded by a casing of fire-resistive material to the full height of the stove.

 No foundry shall be located after November 1, 1915, in a cellar or basement unless both the ceiling is at least 14 feet in height, measured from the finished floor to the under side of the ceiling, and proper and adequate provisions are made for lighting and ventilation. In addition to these two requirements if the foundry is, or is intended to be, located entirely in the front part of the building, the ceiling shall be in every part at least 6 1/2 feet above the curb level of the street in front of the building; or, if the foundry is or is intended to be located entirely in the rear part of the building or to extend from the front to the rear the ceiling shall be not less than 3 feet above the curb level of the street in front of the building and the foundry shall open upon a yard or court which shall extend 6 inches below its floor level.

 If any foundry that was operated in a cellar or basement on October 1, 1915, is or was discontinued or closed by the Department, it may not be reopened as a foundry unless there is strict compliance with §  47.170 (relating to future cellar or basement foundries). The occasional use of a foundry for the purpose of evading this requirement shall not be deemed a continuance of use of the foundry.

Subchapter F. PRINTING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec.