§ 11.1. Definitions.

 The following words and terms, when used in this chapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

   AICPA—American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

   Act—The CPA Law (63 P. S. § §  9.1—9.16b).

   Attest activity—An examination, audit, review, compilation or other agreed-upon procedure with respect to financial information, together with the issuance of a report expressing or disclaiming an opinion or other assurance on the information.

   Board—The State Board of Accountancy of the Commonwealth.

   CPA—Certified public accountant.

   Candidate—A person sitting for an examination.

   Certificate of completion—A document prepared by the program sponsor which indicates that a licensee completed a continuing education program, the credit hours earned and the date and name of the program.

   Client—The person or entity which retains a licensee for the performance of professional services.

   Contingent fee—A fee established for the performance of a service under an arrangement in which no fee will be charged unless a specified finding or result is attained, or in which the amount of the fee is otherwise dependent upon the finding or result of the service.

   Continuing education program—A group, self-study or correspondence program for which continuing education credit is given.

   Credit hour—A unit of continuing education representing 50 minutes of participation.

   Engagement—An undertaking by a licensee embodied in an agreement between the licensee and the client which defines the scope and terms of the services.

   Enterprise—A person or entity, whether organized for profit or not, with respect to which a licensee performs professional services.

   Financial statement—

     (i)   A statement and footnotes related to the statement that purport to show financial position which relates to a point in time or changes in financial position which relate to a period of time.

     (ii)   The term includes statements which use a cash or other incomplete basis of accounting.

     (iii)   The term also includes balance sheets, statements of income, statements of retained earnings, statements of changes in financial position and statements of changes in owner’s equity.

     (iv)   The term does not include incidental financial data included in management advisory services reports to support recommendations to a client, tax returns or supporting schedules.

   Firm—A qualified association that is a licensee.

   GAAP—Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

   GAAS—Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.

   GAGAS—Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards.

   Group program—An educational process designed to permit a participant to learn a given subject through interaction with an instructor and other participants.

   Inactive status—

     (i)   Status of a CPA or public accountant who has returned his license to practice public accounting to the Board and who has requested in writing that the Board place his name on the inactive roll.

     (ii)   The term does not apply to the status of a CPA or public accountant whose license to practice public accounting has expired for failure to comply with requirements for biennial renewal of licensure.

   Instructional design—A teaching plan that considers the organization and interaction of program materials as well as the method of presentation such as lecture, seminar, workshop or program instruction.

   Interactive individual study program—A continuing education program designed to use interactive learning methodologies that simulate a classroom learning process by employing software, other courseware or administrative systems that provide significant ongoing interactive feedback to the learner regarding the learning process which issues a certificate of completion.

   Licensee—

     (i)   An individual who is certified by or registered with the Board and holds a current license to practice under section 8.2 of the act (63 P. S. §  9.8b) or a qualified association that holds a current license to practice under section 8.8 of the act (63 P. S. §  9.8h).

     (ii)   The term does not include an individual who is on inactive status under section 8.2(a.1) of the act (63 P. S. §  9.8b(a.1)) or who does not otherwise hold a current license.

   New candidate—A candidate who is taking the examination in this Commonwealth for the first time.

   Noninteractive individual study program—A continuing education program designed to permit a participant to learn a given subject without interaction with an instructor or interactive learning methodologies which issues a certificate of completion upon the participant’s achieving a 70% minimum grade on a written examination or workbook.

   PCAOB—Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

   Professional service—A service performed or offered to be performed by a licensee for a client in the course of the practice of public accounting.

   Professor—An instructor who teaches courses in continuing education subject areas at an accredited university or college.

   Program sponsor—A party who has assumed the responsibility for presenting continuing education programs.

   Public accounting—Offering to perform or performing for a client or potential client:

     (i)   Attest activity.

     (ii)   Other professional services involving the use of accounting skills, including, but not limited to, management advisory or consulting services, business valuations, financial planning, preparation of tax returns or furnishing of advice on tax matters by a person holding out as a CPA, public accountant or firm.

   Public communication—A communication made in identical form to multiple persons as to the world at large, such as by television, radio, motion picture, newspaper, pamphlet, mass mailing, letterhead, business card or directory.

   Qualified association—An association as defined in 15 Pa.C.S. §  102 (relating to definitions) that is incorporated or organized under the laws of the Commonwealth or any other state or foreign jurisdiction if the organic law under which the association is incorporated or organized does not afford the shareholders, partners, members or other owners of equity interest in the association or the officers, employees or agents of the association greater immunity than is available to the shareholders, officers, employees or agents of a professional corporation under 15 Pa.C.S. §  2925 (relating to professional relationship retained).

   SEC—Securities and Exchange Commission.

   SSAE—Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements.

   SSARS—Statement of Standards on Accounting and Review Services.

   The provisions of this §  11.1 issued under section 506 of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P. S. §  186); and section 3 of The CPA Law (63 P. S. §  9.3); amended under sections 3(10) and (12), 6 and 8.2 of the C.P.A. Law (63 P. S. § §  9.3(10)—(12), 9.6 and 9.8b).

   The provisions of this §  11.1 adopted September 1, 1963; amended September 21, 1979, effective September 22, 1979, 9 Pa.B. 3238; amended August 15, 1980, effective August 16, 1980, 10 Pa.B. 3354; amended May 21, 1982, effective May 22, 1982, 12 Pa.B. 1643; amended May 7, 1993, effective May 8, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2231; amended December 23, 1994, effective December 24, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 6418; amended December 30, 1994, effective December 31, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 6559; amended January 12, 2001, effective January 13, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 151; amended July 27, 2007, effective July 28, 2007, 37 Pa.B. 4055. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (323401) to (323402) and (303383).