Subchapter C. SCHOOL BUS BODY STANDARDS

 This subchapter applies to all school buses, unless a particular requirement is by its terms applicable only to one or more types of school buses.

 The requirements for the aisles of a school bus are as follows:

   (1)  Minimum clearance of aisles shall be at least 30 centimeters—11 3/4 inches—wide. Aisles shall be unobstructed at all times.

   (2)  The seat backs shall be slanted sufficiently to give aisle clearance of 15 inches at tops of seat backs.

   (3)  Emergency doors shall be accessible by an aisle at least 30 centimeters—11 3/4 inches—wide.

   The provisions of this §  171.42 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

   The provisions of this §  171.42 adopted August 4, 1978, effective July 1, 1979, 8 Pa.B. 2194; amended August 19, 1983, effective August 20, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2561; readopted December 4, 1987, effective December 5, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5052; amended September 13, 1996, effective September 14, 1996, 26 Pa.B. 4411. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (122790).

 The following rules apply to batteries:

   (1)  Original battery shall be as furnished by the chassis manufacturer.

   (2)  When the battery is mounted as described in §  171.20(a)(2) (relating to electrical system), it shall be securely attached on a slide-out or swing-out tray in a closed, vented compartment in the body skirt, whereby the battery may be exposed to the outside for convenient servicing. The battery compartment door or cover shall be hinged at the front or top and secured by an adequate and conveniently operated latch or other type fastener.

 (a)  Construction. The rear bumper shall be:

   (1)  Of pressed steel channel or an equivalent material which complies with 49 CFR 581 (relating to bumper standard). See Appendix A.

   (2)  At least 3/16 inch thick.

   (3)  A minimum of 8 inches wide (high) on Type A school buses.

   (4)  A minimum of 9 1/2 inches wide (high) on Types B, C and D school buses.

   (5)  Of sufficient strength to permit pushing by another vehicle without permanent distortion.

 (b)  Placement. The rear bumper shall be wrapped around the back corners of the school bus. It shall extend forward at least 12 inches, measured from the rear-most point of the body at the floor line.

 (c)  Attachment. The rear bumper shall be attached to the chassis frame in such a manner that it may be easily removed, shall be so braced as to develop the full strength of the bumper section from rear or side impact and shall be so attached as to prevent hitching of rides.

 (d)  Extension. The rear bumper shall extend at least 1 inch beyond the rear-most part of the body surface measured at the floor line. Type A school buses are exempt from this subsection.

 (e)  Exception. Bumpers on Type A school buses may be as specified by the manufacturer.

 (f)  Energy absorbing. If a school bus is equipped with an energy absorbing rear bumper, the bumper shall comply with the requirements of this section and 49 CFR 581.

 (g)  Tow eyes or hooks. Tow eyes or hooks, if installed on a school bus, shall be attached to the chassis frame at the front or rear of the school bus and attached so they do not extend beyond the front or rear bumper. Installation shall be in accordance with the chassis manufacturer’s specification.

   The provisions of this §  171.44 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 School buses manufactured or converted after January 1, 1978, shall bear a certification label from the final stage manufacturer stating that the completed school bus conforms to applicable FMVSS in effect at the time of manufacture. Persons or entities may not alter a previously certified school bus in a way that does not conform to applicable FMVSS in effect at the time of manufacture.

   The provisions of this §  171.45 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 Tire chains for drive wheels may be provided.

 The requirements for the color of school bus bodies are as follows:

   (1)  The school bus body shall be painted a uniform National School Bus Yellow. See Appendix B.

   (2)  The roof of the school bus may be painted white.

   (3)  The body exterior trim, including the exterior mirrors, may be black. The bumper shall be black.

   (4)  If a school bus is equipped with reflective material, other than that required under § §  171.50 and 171.59 (relating to doors and emergency exits; and lamps and signals), the reflective material shall be of automotive engineering grade or better. If additional reflective materials and markings are used, they may be applied as follows:

   (5)  The pilaster (vertical window post) may be black.

   (6)  The color requirements in this section do not apply to multifunction school activity buses.

   The provisions of this §  171.47 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 Every school bus body shall be constructed of prime commercial quality steel or other metal or material with strength at least equivalent to all steel as certified by the school bus body manufacturer. The body shall be reasonably dustproof and water tight.

 The requirements for defroster systems are as follows:

   (1)  School buses shall be equipped with defrosting and defogging devices to prevent and remove obstructions from the driver’s view; for instance, ice, snow or frost on the outside of the windshield or condensation on the inside of the windshield. Defrosting and defogging equipment shall direct a sufficient flow of heated air onto the windshield, the window to the left of the driver, the glass in the viewing area directly to the right of the driver and the glass in the service door.

   (2)  The defrosting system shall conform to SAE Standard J 381 and 382. See Appendix A.

   (3)  The defroster and defogging system shall be capable of furnishing heated outside ambient air, except that part of the system furnishing additional air to the windshield, entrance door and stepwell may be of the recirculating air type.

   (4)  Auxiliary fans are not to be considered as a defrosting and defogging system.

   (5)  Portable heater may not be used.

   The provisions of this §  171.49 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 (a)  Service doors. The requirements for service doors are as follows:

   (1)  The service door shall be under the control of the driver, and designed so as to afford easy release and prevent accidental opening. When a hand lever is used, no part may come together so as to shear or crush fingers.

   (2)  The service door shall be located on the right side of the school bus opposite the driver and within direct view of the driver.

   (3)  The service door shall have a minimum horizontal opening of 24 inches and a minimum vertical opening of 68 inches. Type A school bus service doors shall have a minimum opening area of 1,200 square inches.

   (4)  The service door shall be of the split type, sedan type or jackknife type. Split-type door includes a sectioned door which divides and opens inward or outward. If one section of a split type door opens inward and the other opens outward, the front section shall open outward.

   (5)  Lower as well as upper windows shall have approved safety glazing. The bottom of the lower window may not be more than 35 inches from the ground when the bus is unloaded. The top of the upper window may not be more than 6 inches from the top of the door. Type A school buses shall have an upper window with an area of at least 350 square inches of approved safety glazing.

   (6)  Vertical closing edges on split type or folding type entrance doors shall be equipped with flexible material to protect the passengers’ fingers. Type A school buses may be equipped with the chassis manufacturer’s standard entrance door.

   (7)  There may be no door to the left of the driver on Type C or D school buses. Type A and B school buses may be equipped with the chassis manufacturer’s standard entrance door.

   (8)  Doors shall be equipped with padding at the top edge of each door opening. The padding shall be at least 3 inches wide and 1 inch thick and extend the full width of the door opening.

 (b)  Emergency exits. Each school bus shall comply with FMVSS No. 217. See Appendix A. The area of square centimeters of the unobstructed opening for emergency exits shall collectively amount to at least 432 multiplied times the number of designated seating positions in the bus. The area of an opening equipped with a wheel chair lift is counted toward meeting additional emergency area requirements only if the lift is designed to be folded or stored so that the area is available for use by persons not needing the lift.

   (1)  The requirements for emergency exit doors are as follows:

     (i)   The emergency exit door shall be hinged according to FMVSS No. 217. See Appendix A. Double emergency exit doors shall also be hinged according to FMVSS No. 217. See Appendix A.

     (ii)   The upper portion of the rear emergency exit door shall have a window equipped with approved safety glazing, the exposed area of which is at least 400 square inches. The lower portion of the rear emergency door on Type B, C and D school buses shall contain a window of approved safety glazing, measuring a minimum of 350 square inches. Type A school buses are exempt from this subparagraph.

     (iii)   Except as provided in subparagraph (iv), no portion of a seat or a restraining barrier may be installed within the area bounded by the opening of a side emergency exit door, a vertical transverse plane parallel to that plane at a distance of 30 centimeters (11 3/4 inches) forward of that plane, and a longitudinal vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centerline of the bus. See Figure 4.

     (iv)   A seat bottom may be located within the area described in subparagraph (iii) if the seat bottom pivots and automatically assumes and retains a vertical position when not in use, so that no portion of the seat bottom is within the area described in subparagraph (iii) when the seat bottom is vertical. See Figure 5.

     (v)   No portion of a seat or restraining barrier—located forward of the area described in subparagraph (iii) and between the door opening and a longitudinal vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centerline of the bus—may extend rearward of a vertical transverse plane tangent to the forwardmost portion of a latch mechanism on the door. See Figures 5 and 6.

     (vi)   Each emergency exit door of a school bus shall be equipped with a positive door opening device that, after the release mechanism has been operated:

       (A)   Bears the weight of the door.

       (B)   Keeps the door from closing past the point at which the door is perpendicular to the side of the bus body, regardless of the body’s orientation.

       (C)   Provides a means for release or override.

     (vii)   The positive door opening device shall perform the functions specified in subparagraph (vi)(A) and (B) without the need for additional action beyond opening the door past the point at which the door is perpendicular to the side of the bus body.

     (viii)   Emergency door exits shall be equipped with padding at the top edge of each door opening. The padding shall be at least 3 inches wide and 1 inch thick and extend the full width of the door opening.

     (ix)   The emergency exit door opening may not be blocked with an obstruction higher than 1/4 inch across the bottom of the emergency exit door opening.

     (x)   Each school bus emergency exit door shall allow manual release of the door by a single person, from both inside and outside the passenger compartment. The release mechanism shall operate without the use of remote controls or tools, and notwithstanding any failure of the vehicle’s power system. When the release mechanism is not in the position that causes an emergency exit door to be closed, and the vehicle’s ignition is in the ‘‘on’’ position, a continuous warning sound shall be audible at the driver’s seating position.

     (xi)   Two side emergency exit doors may not be located, in whole or in part, within the same post and roof bow panel space.

     (xii)   Supplemental security locks installed on emergency doors shall be equipped with an ignition interlock system or an audiovisual alarm located in the driver’s compartment. Hasps may not be used.

   (2)  The requirements for emergency roof exits are as follows:

     (i)   Each emergency roof exit shall be hinged on its forward side, and shall be operable from both inside and outside the vehicle.

     (ii)   In a school bus equipped with a single emergency exit, the exit shall be located as near as practicable to the midpoint of the passenger compartment.

     (iii)   In a bus equipped with two emergency roof exits:

       (A)   One emergency roof exit shall be located as near as practicable to a point equidistant between the midpoint of the passenger compartment and the foremost limit of the passenger compartment.

       (B)   The other emergency roof exit shall be located as near as practicable to a point equidistant between the midpoint of the passenger compartment and the rearmost point of the passenger compartment.

     (iv)   In a bus equipped with three or more emergency roof exits, the roof exits shall be installed so that, to the extent practicable, the longitudinal distance between each pair of adjacent roof exits is the same and equal to:

       (A)   The distance from the foremost point of the passenger compartment to the foremost roof exit.

       (B)   The distance from the rearmost point of the passenger compartment to the rearmost roof exit.

     (v)   Except as provided in subparagraph (vi), each emergency roof exit shall be installed with its longitudinal centerline coinciding with a longitudinal vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centerline of the school bus.

     (vi)   In a bus equipped with two or more emergency roof exits, for each roof exit offset from the longitudinal vertical plane specified in subparagraph (v), there shall be another roof exit offset from that plane an equal distance to the other side.

     (vii)   Each school bus emergency roof exit shall allow manual release of the exit by a single person, from both inside and outside the passenger compartment, using not more than two release mechanisms.

     (viii)   Each school bus emergency roof exit, after the release mechanism has been operated, shall be manually extendable by a single person to a position that permits an opening at least 41 centimeters—16 1/8 inches—high and 41 centimeters—16 1/8—wide.

   (3)  The requirements for emergency exit windows are as follows:

     (i)   A bus equipped with emergency exit windows shall have an even number of these windows, not counting a push-out rear window. Side emergency exit windows shall be evenly divided between the right and left sides of the bus.

     (ii)   Each school bus emergency exit window shall allow manual release of the exit by a single person, from inside the passenger compartment, using not more than two release mechanisms. Each release mechanism shall operate without the use of remote controls or tools, and notwithstanding a failure of the vehicle’s power system. When the release mechanism is open and the vehicle’s ignition is in the ‘‘on’’ position, a continuous warning shall be audible at the driver’s seating position.

   (4)  The engine starting system of a bus may not operate if an emergency exit is locked from either inside or outside the bus. An emergency exit is considered locked if the release mechanism cannot be activated and the exit cannot be opened by a person at the exit without a key or other special device, or a combination or other special information.

   (5)  The requirements for emergency exit labeling are as follows:

     (i)   Each school bus emergency exit shall be labeled ‘‘Emergency Door’’ or ‘‘Emergency Exit,’’ as appropriate, in letters at least 5 centimeters (2 inches) high, of a color that contrasts with its background. For emergency exit doors, the label shall be located at the top of, or directly above, the emergency exit door on both the inside and outside surfaces of the bus. The label for roof exits shall be located on an inside surface of the exit, or within 30 centimeters (11 3/4 inches) of the roof exit opening. For emergency exit windows, the label shall be located at the top of, or directly above, or at the bottom of the emergency exit window on both the inside and outside surfaces of the bus. If the school bus is equipped with tinted windows, the emergency exit labeling may not be placed on the glass, unless it is placed on both the inside and outside.

     (ii)   Concise operating instructions describing the motions necessary to unlatch and open the emergency exit shall be located within 15 centimeters (5 15/16 inches) of the release mechanism on the inside surface of the bus. These instructions shall be in letters at least 1 centimeter (3/8 inches) high and of a color that contrasts with its background—for example: ‘‘Lift to Unlatch, Push or Open;’’ or ‘‘Turn Handle, Push Out to Open.’’

     (iii)   Each opening for a required emergency exit shall be outlined around its outside opened perimeter with a minimum 3 centimeters—1 1/8 inches—wide retroreflective tape, either red, white or yellow in color, which meets the requirements of FMVSS No. 131. See Appendix A.

   The provisions of this §  171.50 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

   The provisions of this §  171.50 adopted August 19, 1983, effective August 20, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2561; readopted December 4, 1987, effective December 5, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5052; amended September 13, 1996, effective September 14, 1996, 26 Pa.B. 4411; amended November 26, 2003, effective November 29, 2003, 33 Pa.B. 5817; amended May 20, 2005, effective May 21, 2005, 35 Pa.B. 3039. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (301821) to (301827).

 (a)  Required. Every school bus shall be equipped with at least one pressurized, multipurpose, dry chemical or halogenated agent fire extinguisher, mounted in a bracket in the driver’s compartment and readily accessible to the driver. The fire extinguisher shall be mounted as directed by the manufacturer. The fire extinguisher shall have a hose and nozzle and be in good and usable condition. A pressure gauge shall be mounted on the extinguisher so as to be easily read without removing the extinguisher from its mounted position.

 (b)  Type. The fire extinguisher shall be of a type meeting the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Standard 299 or 1093—see Appendix A—with a total rating of not less than 2 A-10 BC. The operating mechanism shall be sealed with a type of seal which may not interfere with the use of the fire extinguisher.

   The provisions of this §  171.51 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 (a)  First aid kit. Every school bus shall have a removable moisture and dustproof first aid kit, mounted in an accessible place within the driver’s compartment. The first aid kit shall be mounted as directed by the manufacturer. The first aid kit shall be labeled and visible to the driver or its location shall be marked.

 (b)  Content. The first aid kit shall contain, at a minimum, the following items:

   (1)  Two 1 inch x 2 1/2 yards rolls of nonlatex adhesive tape.

   (2)  Twenty-four sterile gauze pads, 3 inches x 3 inches

   (3)  One hundred 3/4 inch x 3 inches adhesive bandages.

   (4)  Eight 2 inch bandage compresses.

   (5)  Ten 3 inch bandage compresses.

   (6)  Two 2 inches x 6 yards sterile gauze roller bandages.

   (7)  Two nonsterile triangular bandages approximately 40 inches x 36 inches x 54 inches with 2 safety pins.

   (8)  Three sterile gauze pads, 36 inches x 36 inches.

   (9)  Three sterile eye pads.

   (10)  One pair rounded end scissors.

 (c)  Body fluid clean-up kit. Every school bus shall have a removable and moisture proof body fluid clean-up kit. It shall be securely placed or mounted in an easily accessible location and labeled as a body fluid clean-up kit.

 (d)  Surgical gloves and mouth barriers. Either the first aid kit or the body fluid cleanup kit shall contain:

   (1)  One pair of nonlatex surgical gloves.

   (2)  One mouth barrier.

   The provisions of this §  171.52 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 The following rules govern floor covering:

   (1)  The floor in the underseat area, including the tops of wheelhousing, driver’s compartment and the toeboard, shall be covered with rubber floor covering or equivalent having a minimum overall thickness of .125 inch. Type A school buses may use manufacturer’s standard floor covering in the driver’s compartment.

   (2)  The floor covering in the aisle shall be of aisle type rubber or equivalent, wear resistant and ribbed. The minimum overall thickness shall be .187 inch measured from tops of ribs.

   (3)  Floor covering shall be permanently bonded to the floor and may not crack when subjected to sudden changes in temperature. Bonding or adhesive material shall be waterproof and shall be of the type recommended by the manufacturer of the floor covering material. Seams shall be sealed with waterproof sealer.

 (a)  The requirements for heaters are as follows:

   (1)  Heaters shall provide evenly distributed heat throughout the interior of the bus.

   (2)  At least one heater shall provide defrosting for the windshield, driver’s side sash and entrance door.

   (3)  Heater hoses shall be adequately supported to guard against excessive wear due to vibration. The hoses may not dangle or rub against the chassis or sharp edges and may not interfere with or restrict the operation of any engine function. Heater hoses shall conform to applicable SAE Standards. See Appendix A. Heater lines on the interior of the bus shall be shielded to prevent scalding of the driver or passengers.

   (4)  A hot water heater system shall include a shutoff valve installed in the pressure and return lines at the engine. There shall be a water flow regulating valve installed for convenient operation by the driver. Type A school buses are exempt from this paragraph.

   (5)  Accessible bleeder valves shall be installed to remove air from the heater lines. The valves shall be installed in an appropriate place in the return lines of the heater.

   (6)  Heater motors, cores and fans shall be readily accessible for service. Access panels shall be provided as needed.

 (b)  Auxiliary fuel-fired heating systems are permitted, provided they comply with the following:

   (1)  The auxiliary heating system fuel shall utilize the same type fuel as specified for the vehicle engine.

   (2)  The heaters may be either of a direct hot air type or connected to the engine’s coolant system.

   (3)  An auxiliary heating system, when connected to the engine’s coolant system, may be used to preheat the engine coolant or preheat and add supplementary heat to the bus’s heating system.

   (4)  Auxiliary heating systems shall be installed pursuant to the manufacturer’s recommendations and may not direct exhaust in a manner that will endanger bus passengers.

   (5)  Auxiliary heating systems which operate on diesel fuel shall be capable of operating on #1, #2 or blended diesel fuel without the need for system adjustment.

   (6)  Auxiliary heating systems shall be low voltage.

   (7)  Auxiliary heating systems shall comply with all applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, including FMVSS 301 as well as SAE test procedures.

   the provisions of this §  171.54 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 (a)  Required. Every school bus body shall bear the words ‘‘SCHOOL BUS’’ in black letters at least 8 inches high on both the front and the rear of the body, or on signs attached thereto. Lettering shall be placed as high as possible without impairment of its visibility. Lettering shall conform to ‘‘Series B’’ of Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs.

 (b)  Identification number. A school bus shall display an identification number consisting of no more than 4 black numbers, letters or a combination of numbers and letters. The numbers or letters shall be a minimum 5 inches in height and shall be displayed in a prominent location on the front, rear and on both sides of the bus. On a school bus with a rounded front, the identification number displayed on the front of the bus may be displayed on the black front bumper in yellow numbers, letters, or a combination of numbers and letters, in lieu of black numbers, letters, or a combination of numbers and letters on the front of the yellow bus body.

 (c)  School, bus company and manufacturer markings. School buses shall have the name of the school district, private or parochial school, school bus contractor, or school bus owner clearly visible, lettered on each side of the school bus body in the upper body belt band area as close as practical to the bottom ledge of the bottom window sash in letters of not less than 4 inches in height. Lettering shall be in black or National School Bus Yellow, depending on the contrasting background color. See Appendix B. A paper or vinyl route identification number or symbols may be placed in the rear of the first right or left passenger window, or both. The bus contractor may have his name or the name of the company in letters no larger than 3 inches in height. The dealer identification insignia may be displayed, in an area not to exceed 6 inches in height by 12 inches in width. The manufacturer’s insignias may be displayed. Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission certification number and the U.S. DOT identification number, and any other required commercial vehicle markings may be displayed.

 (d)  Roof-top identification. School buses may display the first eight digits of the title number on the roof in numbers of at least 12.75 inches and not more than 15 inches in height. Lettering shall be in black reflective material and placed in a longitudinal column with the first digit beginning at the front and the last digit ending towards the rear of the school bus as illustrated as follows:

 (e)  Additional markings. Except as set forth in this section, signs or lettering are not permitted.

   The provisions of this §  171.55 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 Inside body height of a school bus shall be 72 inches or more, measured metal to metal, at all points on the longitudinal centerline from the front vertical bow to the rear vertical bow or to the rear interior ceiling mounted air-conditioning unit. Inside body height of Type A school buses shall be 62 inches or more.

   The provisions of this §  171.56 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 The requirements for the use of insulation are as follows:

   (1)  Ceiling and walls shall be insulated with fire resistant material of a type approved by the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Standard 723. See Appendex A.

   (2)  If floor insulation is used it shall be 5-ply, 5/8-inches thick or it shall equal or exceed properties of exterior type softwood plywood, C-D Grade as specified in Standard PS1-83 issued by the United States Department of Commerce. See Appendix A.

   The provisions of this §  171.57 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 The requirements for the interior of school buses are as follows:

   (1)  The interior of every school bus shall be free of unnecessary projections likely to cause injury. This standard requires inner lining on ceilings and walls. If the ceiling is constructed so as to contain lapped joints, the forward panel shall be lapped by the rear panel, and exposed edges shall be beaded, hemmed, flanged or otherwise treated to minimize sharp edges.

   (2)  Every school bus shall meet the requirements of FMVSS No. 302, as to the flammability of interior materials. See Appendix A.

   (3)  Book racks or luggage racks are not permitted.

   (4)  Interior radio/stereo speakers shall be of the flush mounted type. Exposed parts shall be treated to minimize sharp edges.

   (5)  The driver’s area forward of the foremost padded barriers shall permit the mounting of required safety equipment and vehicle operating equipment.

   (6)  The requirements for air-conditioning units are as follows:

     (i)   Persons installing air-conditioning units in school buses after the vehicle’s original manufacture date shall install the equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s specification and applicable FMVSS.

     (ii)   Interior ceiling-mounted air-conditioning units, mounted above the seats within the head protection zone or at the rear of the bus, shall be padded with materials meeting FMVSS No. 302 to an extent to insure compliance with the head impact test requirements of FMVSS No. 222. See Appendix A.

     (iii)   This paragraph does not prohibit the installation of air-conditioning units in locations other than those described in subparagraph (ii). Air-conditioning units may be installed in other locations if labeled as described in subparagraph (i).

   The provisions of this §  171.58 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 (a)  General rule. All lamps, signals, reflectors and their installation must be in conformance with applicable FMVSS and SAE standards.

 (b)  Exterior lamps. Exterior lamps shall meet the requirements of FMVSS No. 108.

 (c)  Flashing signal lamps and stop signal arm devices. The requirements for flashing signal lamps and stop signal arm devices are as follows:

   (1)  Signal lamps. Every school bus shall be equipped with 8-way warning lamps consisting of two red and two amber alternately flashing signal lamps at the rear of the vehicle and two red and two amber alternately flashing signal lamps at the front of the vehicle.

     (i)   Each amber signal lamp shall be located near each red signal lamp, at the same level, but closer to the vertical centerline of the school bus.

     (ii)   The system shall be wired so that the amber signal lamps are activated manually, and if activated, are automatically deactivated and the red signal lamps automatically activated when the school bus service door is opened.

     (iii)   Amber and red warning lamps must alternate between left and right at a minimum rate of 60 flashes per minute.

     (iv)   LED and/or strobe lights may be used in the 8-way warning lamps system.

     (v)   If strobe lights are used, the strobe effect must appear as a flash of varying intensity and not separate flashes. All amber and red warning lamps must strobe in the same pattern. The same pattern is the same number of flashes per lamp before the system alternates to the other side.

 (vi)  The area around the lens of each alternately flashing signal lamp shall be of a black contrasting color. The use of visors or hoods with an appropriate black background to fit the shape of the visors or hoods and the roofcap is permitted.

 (vii)  Flashers for alternately flashing red and amber signal lamps shall be enclosed in the school bus body in a readily accessible location.

   (2)  Stop signal arm devices. A school bus may be equipped with strobe or LED flashing stop signal, or both. The signal may be equipped with two flashing strobe or LED lights, or both, at least 4 inches in diameter, red in color and double faced. Stop signal arm devices on school buses shall comply with FMVSS No. 131—See Appendix A—and the following requirements:

     (i)   The stop signal arm shall be a regular octagon which is at least 450 mm x 450 mm—17.72 inches x 17.72 inches—in diameter.

     (ii)   The stop signal arm shall be red on both sides, except as provided in subparagraphs (iii)—(v).

     (iii)   The stop signal arm shall have a white border at least 12 mm—0.47 inch—wide on both sides, except as provided in subparagraph (v).

     (iv)   The stop signal arm shall have the word ‘‘STOP’’ displayed in white upper-case letters on both sides, except as provided in subparagraph (v). The letters shall be at least 150 mm—5.9 inches—in height and have a stroke width of at least 20 mm—0.79 inch.

     (v)   If two stop signal arms are installed on a school bus, the rearmost stop signal arm may not contain lettering, symbols or markings on the forward side.

 (vi)  The stop signal arm shall comply with clause (A) or (B), or both.

       (A)   The entire surface of both sides of the stop signal arm shall be reflectorized with Type III reflectorized material that meets the minimum specific intensity requirements of FMVSS No. 125. See Appendix A. If two stop signal arms are installed on a school bus, the forward side of the rearmost stop signal arm may not be reflectorized.

       (B)   Each side of the stop signal arm shall have at least two red lamps that meet the requirements of SAE Standard J578. See Appendix A. The lamps shall be centered on the vertical centerline of the stop arm. One of the lamps shall be located at the extreme top of the stop arm and the other at its extreme bottom.

 (vii)  The stop signal arm shall be installed on the left side of the bus.

 (viii)  The stop signal arm shall be located so that, when in the extended position, the following requirements are met:

       (A)   The stop signal arm is perpendicular to the side of the bus, ±5°F.

       (B)   The top edge of the sign is parallel to and within 6 inches of a horizontal plane tangent to the lower edge of the driver’s window frame.

       (C)   The vertical centerline of the stop sign is at least 9 inches away from the side of the school bus.

     (ix)   If a rearmost stop signal arm is installed on a school bus, the stop signal arm shall comply with subparagraphs (vii) and (viii).

     (x)   The stop signal arm shall be automatically extended so that it complies with subparagraph (viii), at a minimum, whenever the red signal lamps required by FMVSS No. 108, S5.1.4—See Appendix A—are activated; except that a device may be installed that prevents the automatic extension of a stop signal arm. The mechanism for activating the device shall be within the reach of the driver. While the device preventing automatic extension is activated, a continuous or intermittent signal audible to the driver shall sound. The audible signal may be equipped with a timing device but shall require the signal to sound for at least 60 seconds. If a timing device is used, it shall automatically recycle each time the service entry door is opened while the engine is running and the manual override is engaged.

 (xi)  The lamps on each side of the stop signal arm, when operated at the manufacturer’s design load, shall flash at a minimum rate of 60 flashes per minute.

 (xii)  The stop signal arm and components shall comply with SAE Standard J1133. See Appendix A.

   (3)  Exception. A multifunction school activity bus is exempt from the flashing signal lamps and stop arm device requirements of this section. However, a multifunction school activity bus which is not in compliance with the requirements of §  171.18 (relating to color) may not have 8-way warning lamps and stop arm devices.

 (d)  Interior lamps. Interior lamps shall adequately illuminate the aisle and step well.

 (e)  Turn signal and stop lamps. The rear turn signal lamps shall be at least 7 inches in diameter, or if in a shape other than round, a minimum of 38 square inches, and meet SAE Standards. These signals shall be connected to the chassis hazard warning switch to cause simultaneous flashing of the turn signal lamps when needed as vehicular traffic hazard warning. The turn signal lamps shall be placed as wide apart as practical and their centerline shall be approximately 8 inches below the rear windows. Type A school bus lamps shall be 21 square inches in lens area. Just inside the turn signal, there shall be installed at the same elevation, two 7 inch diameter stop lamps, or if in a shape other than round, a minimum of 38 square inches. The lamps shall flash at a rate of 60—120 flashes per minute.

 (f)  Monitor. If a school bus is equipped with indicators to monitor the front and rear lamps, it shall be mounted in full view of the driver. If the full circuit current passes through the indicator, each circuit shall be protected by a fuse, circuit breaker or multiplex electrical circuit technology.

   The provisions of this §  171.59 amended under Vehicle Code,

   The provisions of this §  171.59 adopted August 19, 1983, effective August 20, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2561; readopted December 4, 1987, effective December 5, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5052; amended July 7, 1989, effective July 8, 1989, 19 Pa.B. 2957; amended September 13, 1996, effective September 14, 1996, 26 Pa.B. 4411; amended November 26, 2003, effective November 29, 2003, 33 Pa.B. 5817; amended May 20, 2005, effective May 21, 2005, 35 Pa.B. 3039. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (301833) to (301836).

 (a)  General. Metal used in the construction of a school bus body shall be zinc or aluminum coated or treated by an equivalent process before the school bus is constructed. This requirement includes such items as structural members, inside and outside panels, door panels and floor sills. Excluded from this requirement are such items as door handles, grab handles, interior decorative parts and other interior plated parts.

 (b)  Painted parts. Metal parts that are painted shall first be chemically cleaned, etched, zinc phosphate coated and zinc chromate or epoxy primed or conditioned by an equivalent process.

 (c)  Special areas. Particular attention shall be given lapped surfaces, welded connections of structural members, cut edges, punched or drilled hole areas in sheet metal, closed or box sections, unvented or undrained areas and surfaces subjected to abrasion during school bus operation.

 (d)  Testing. As evidence that the requirements of this section have been met, samples of materials and sections used in construction of the school bus body, when subjected to a 1000-hour salt spray test as provided for in the latest revision of ASTM Standard B-117—see Appendix A—may not lose more than 10% of material by weight.

 (a)  Interior mirror. Every school bus shall be equipped with an interior mirror which shall be made of either clear view laminated glass or clear view glass bonded to backing which retains the glass in the event of breakage. The mirror shall have rounded corners and protected edges. Type A school buses shall have a mirror of at least 6 inches by 16 inches. Types B, C and D school buses shall have a mirror of at least 6 inches by 30 inches.

 (b)  Outside rearview mirrors. Each school bus shall have outside rearview mirrors of unit magnification, installed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle. Each mirror shall have at least 50 square inches of reflective surface. The mirrors shall be located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle and shall be adjustable both in the horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene.

 (c)  Outside cross view mirror. Each school bus, except one which is a forward control vehicle, shall have a convex mirror which complies with the following:

   (1)  The convex mirror shall have a radius of curvature not less than 3.5 inches and not more than 25 inches. A convex mirror whose radius of curvature at its periphery is not less than 12 inches and not more than 25 inches shall have a surface area which is not less than 40 square inches. A convex mirror whose radius of curvature at any point on the mirror is less than 12 inches shall have a projected area of not less than 40 square inches, measured on a plane at a right angle to the mirror’s axis. A convex mirror with a nonuniform radius shall comply with the following criteria:

     (i)   The radius at the periphery of the mirror may not be less than 75% of the radius at the center of the mirror.

     (ii)   Along the intersection of any plane containing the axis of symmetry of the mirror and the surface of the mirror, the length of the radius, as measured by a spherometer, shall be monotonically nonincreasing when moving from the axis of symmetry to the periphery along the intersection.

     (iii)   Along the intersection described in subparagraph (ii), the slope of the surface of the mirror may not have any discontinuities.

   (2)  The mirror shall be installed with a stable support, and mounted so as to provide the driver a view of the front bumper and the area in front of the bus.

 (d)  Prohibited mirrors. Stick-on convex mirrors and convex mirrors which are an integral part of the rear view mirror are prohibited.

   The provisions of this §  171.61 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

   The provisions of this §  171.61 adopted August 19, 1983, effective August 20, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 2561; readopted December 4, 1987, effective December 5, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5052; amended September 13, 1996, effective September 14, 1996, 26 Pa.B. 4411. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (140085) to (140086).

 The chassis frame shall support the rear body cross member. The school bus body shall be attached to the chassis frame at each main floor sill, except where chassis components interfere, in such a manner as to prevent shifting or separation of the body from the chassis under severe operation conditions.

 The overall length of a school bus may not exceed 40 feet.

 A pry bar at least 24 inches in length shall be mounted in a position readily accessible to the driver. School buses originally equipped with a fire axe shall replace it with a pry bar, if and when replacement is necessary.

 The following apply to rub rails:

   (1)  There shall be one rub rail located on each side of the school bus, approximately at seat level, which shall extend from the rear side of the entrance door completely around the school bus body—except the emergency door—to the point of curvature near the outside cowl on the left side. For Types A and B school buses using the chassis manufacturer’s body, or Types C and D school buses using a rear luggage or a rear engine compartment, rub rails need not extend around the rear corners.

   (2)  There shall be one rub rail located approximately at the floor line which shall cover the same longitudinal area as the upper rub rail, except at the wheelhousing, and shall extend only to the radii of the right and left rear corners. Type A school buses are exempt from this requirement.

   (3)  There shall be one rub rail located as low as possible on the lower body panel. It shall cover the same longitudinal area as the rub rail described in paragraph (2). Types A and B school buses are exempt from this paragraph.

   (4)  Rub rails shall be attached at each body post and other upright structural members.

   (5)  Rub rails shall be 4 inches or more in width, shall be of 16-gauge steel or suitable material of equivalent strength and shall be constructed in corrugated or ribbed fashion.

   (6)  Rub rails shall be applied outside the body or outside the body posts and shall be firmly attached in order to assist in preventing penetration. Pressed-in or snap-on rub rails do not satisfy this paragraph.

 School buses may be equipped with sanders and automatic tire chains. Sanders and automatic tire chains shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation procedures.

   The provisions of this §  171.67 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4551—4553 and 6103.

 (a)  Seat belt for the driver. A Type 2 seat belt meeting the requirements of FMVSS Nos. 208 and 209—See Appendix A—shall be provided for the driver. The belt shall be equipped with a retractor of sufficient quality and strength to keep the belt retracted and off the floor when not in use. The belt shall be anchored in accordance to FMVSS No. 210—See Appendix A.

 (b)  Seat belts for the driver and all other designated seating positions. Every Type A school bus shall be equipped with an integral Type 2 seat belt assembly at the driver’s designated seating position and at the right front passenger’s designated seating position, if any. All other designated seating positions shall have a Type 1 or Type 2 seat belt assembly. Seat belt assemblies shall comply with FMVSS Nos. 208, 209 and 210—See Appendix A.

 (c)  Web cutters. Every school bus equipped with passenger seat belts shall have at least one web cutter securely mounted in a visible location in the driver’s compartment.

   The provisions of this §  171.68 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 The requirements for seats and crash barriers are as follows:

   (1)  Seats shall have a minimum seating depth of 15 inches.

   (2)  A seating space at least 13 inches wide shall be provided for each passenger.

   (3)  Each seat, seat back cushion and crash barrier shall be covered with a material having at least a 42-ounce finished weight, 54 inches width, and finished vinyl coating of 1.06 broken twill, or other material with equal tensile strength, tear strength, seam strength, adhesion strength, resistance to abrasion, resistance to cold and flex separation. Seat materials shall comply with FMVSS No. 302. See Appendix A.

   (4)  Seats not designed to meet FMVSS No. 222—See Appendix A—are not permitted. Specially equipped school buses, flip seats which comply with FMVSS No. 217—See Appendix A—and school bus seats designed with an integrated child restraint seat which complies with FMVSS No. 213—See Appendix A—are exempt from this paragraph. Child safety seats which comply with FMVSS No. 213 are also exempt from this paragraph if they are used and secured at all times as designated by the manufacturer.

   (5)  Except as set forth in paragraphs (6)—(11), the backs of all seats of similar size shall be of the same width at the top, of the same height above the floor, and shall slant at the same angle with the floor. A school bus seat designed with an integrated child restraint seat, which complies with FMVSS No. 213, shall have a crash barrier or have a seat back of similar size or height in front of it.

   (6)  Each school bus passenger seat shall have a minimum seat back height of 24 inches measured from the top of the seat cushion.

   (7)  The horizontal distance between passenger seats may not be more than 28 inches measured from the front of the seat back cushion forward to the back of the restraining barrier.

   (8)  Seats shall be forward-facing.

   (9)  Seats shall be installed in a manner to prevent the seats from disengaging from the seat frame under extraordinary operating conditions. Seats may not have springs protruding and may not have tears greater than 1 inch.

   (10)  Seats and anchorages shall comply with FMVSS No. 222. See Appendix A.

   (11)  A padded barrier shall be placed in front of all forward-facing passenger seats that do not have another seat in front of them, as required by FMVSS No. 222. See Appendix A.

   The provisions of this §  171.69 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 The requirements for steps are as follows:

   (1)  The lower step at the service door may be not less than 12 inches and not more than 16 inches from the ground, based on standard chassis specifications.

   (2)  The service door entrance may be equipped with at least a two-step stepwell. Risers in each case shall be approximately equal. When a plywood floor is used on steel, the differential may be increased by the thickness of the plywood used. When a three-step stepwell is used, the first step at the service door shall be approximately 10 to 14 inches from the ground when the school bus is empty, based on standard chassis specifications. Type D school buses shall have at least a three-step stepwell with the first step at the service door 12 to 16 inches from the ground.

   (3)  Steps shall be enclosed to prevent accumulation of ice and snow.

   (4)  Steps may not protrude beyond the side body line.

   (5)  A grab handle at least 20 inches in length shall be provided in an unobstructed location inside the doorway. The grab handle shall be designed or installed to prevent items of school children’s clothing, personal items or an appendage from being snagged in the grab handle or door.

   (6)  Steps on Types A and B school buses may be the manufacturer’s standard.

   (7)  Steps, including those in the floor line platform area, shall be covered with 3/16-inch rubber floor covering or other nonskid material that is equal in wear and abrasion resistance to top grade rubber.

   (8)  The step tread material shall be permanently bonded to a durable backing material that is resistant to corrosion.

   (9)  The step tread shall have a 1 1/2 inch white nosing as an integral piece without any joint.

   (10)  The requirements for the rubber portion of step treads are as follows:

     (i)   Special compounding shall be used to allow for good abrasion resistance and a high coefficient of friction.

     (ii)   The rubber shall be flexible enough to allow it to be bent around a 1/2 inch mandrel both at 130°F and 20°F, without breaking or cracking.

   The provisions of this §  171.70 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—453 and 6103.

 There shall be at least one folding stirrup step or recessed foothold and suitably located handles on each side of the front of the body for easy accessibility for cleaning the windshield and lamps, except when the windshield and lamps are easily accessible from the ground. This section does not apply to vehicles not originally manufactured as school buses. A step, in lieu of the stirrup steps, is permitted in or on the front bumper for a Type D school bus.

 If tools, tire chains or tow chains are carried on the school bus, a container of adequate strength and capacity shall be provided. The container shall be located inside or outside the passenger compartment. If the container is located inside the passenger compartment, it shall have a cover which is capable of being securely latched. A seat cushion may not serve this purpose. The container shall also be capable of being fastened to the floor in a place convenient to either the service or emergency door.

   The provisions of this §  171.72 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 (a)  An interior adjustable transparent sun shield, with a finished edge and at least 6 inches by 30 inches shall be installed in Types B, C and D school buses in a position convenient for use by the driver.

 (b)  A sun shield (visor) shall be installed according to manufacturers standard on all Type A school buses. Additionally, Type A school buses may use an interior adjustable transparent sun shield, at least than 6 inches by 16 inches.

   The provisions of this §  171.73 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 School buses shall be equipped with a crossing control arm which shall be automatically activated whenever the bus is stopped with the red warning signals in use.

   (1)  The crossing control arm shall meet or exceed SAE Standard J1133.

   (2)  The crossing control arm shall be mounted on the right side of the front bumper and may not open more than 90°.

   (3)  The crossing control arm shall extend a minimum of 60 inches from the front bumper when in the extended position.

   (4)  The crossing control arm shall extend simultaneously with the stop arm by means of the stop arm controls.

   (5)  The crossing control arm shall incorporate system connectors (electrical, vacuum or air) at the gate and shall be easily removable to allow for towing of the school bus.

   (6)  All components of the crossing control arm and all connections shall be waterproofed.

   (7)  If the crossing control arm is not constructed of noncorrosive or nonferrous material, it shall be zinc-coated or aluminum-coated or treated by equivalent process.

   (8)  There may not be sharp edges or projections on the crossing control arm that could cause hazard or injury to students.

   (9)  A multifunction school activity bus is not required to be in compliance with this section.

   The provisions of this §  171.74a issued under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  1504, 1508, 1509, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 The entire underside of the school bus body, including floor sections, cross members and below floor line side panels, shall be coated with a compound to prevent rust which meets or exceeds Federal Specification TT-C-520b. See Appendix A.

 The requirements for the ventilating system are as follows:

   (1)  The school bus body shall be equipped with a ventilating system.

   (2)  If used, auxiliary fans for the left or right side of the bus shall be placed in a location where they can be adjusted by the driver for their maximum effectiveness. These fans shall be 6 inches in diameter. The fan blades shall be covered with a protective cage and each fan shall be controlled by a separate switch.

   The provisions of this §  171.76 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 The requirements for wheelhousing are as follows:

   (1)  The wheelhousing opening shall allow for easy tire removal and service.

   (2)  The wheelhousing shall be so constructed as to prevent dust, water or fumes from entering the body. The wheelhousing shall be constructed of 16-gauge steel, or other material of equal strength.

   (3)  The inside height of the wheelhousing above the floor line may not exceed 12 inches.

   (4)  The wheelhousing shall provide clearance for the installation and use of tire chains on single and dual power driving wheels.

   (5)  No part of a raised wheelhousing may extend into the emergency door opening.

   The provisions of this §  171.77 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 The following apply to windows:

   (1)  Each full side window shall provide an unobstructed emergency opening at least 9 inches high and 22 inches wide, obtained by lowering the window.

   (2)  School buses shall be equipped with split sash windows. Push-out type windows may be used.

   (3)  Glass in the windshield, windows and doors shall be of approved safety glazing so mounted that the identifying designation is visible, and of sufficient quality to prevent distortion of view in any direction. Glazing materials shall comply with FMVSS No. 205. See Appendix A. Glass may be mounted in a conventional rubber gasket or affixed to the body by a bonding process.

   (4)  Exposed edges of glass shall be banded or have a finished edge.

   The provisions of this §  171.178 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4551—4553 and 6103.

 A windshield washer system shall be installed and in safe operating condition.

 A windshield wiping system, two-speed or more, shall be installed and in safe operating condition. The wipers shall be operated by one or more air or electric motors of sufficient power to operate wipers.

   The provisions of this §  171.80 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4551—4553 and 6103.

 Wiring shall conform to the following:

   (1)  Wiring shall conform to current applicable recommended practices of SAE Standard J1292. See Appendix A.

   (2)  Circuits shall conform to the following specifications:

     (i)   Wiring shall be arranged in at least six regular circuits, as follows:

       (A)   Head, tail, stop (brake) and instrument panel lamps.

       (B)   Clearance, side-marker and stepwell lamps-step well lamp shall be actuated when service door is opened.

       (C)   Dome lamps.

       (D)   Ignition and emergency door signal.

       (E)   Turn signal lamps and hazard warning switch.

       (F)   Alternately flashing signal lamps.

     (ii)   Each circuit shall be protected by a fuse, circuit breaker or multiplex electrical circuit technology. A system of color coding shall be used.

     (iii)   A combination circuits listed in this paragraph may be subdivided into additional independent circuits.

     (iv)   At least one additional circuit shall be installed for heaters and defrosters.

     (v)   Whenever possible, other electrical functions, such as sanders and electric-type windshield wipers, shall be provided with independent and properly protected circuits.

 (vi)  Each body circuit shall be coded by number or letter on a diagram of circuits and shall be attached to the body in a readily accessible location.

   (3)  The entire electrical system of the body shall be designed for the same voltage as the chassis on which the body is mounted.

   (4)  A body wiring diagram of easy readable size shall be furnished or affixed in an area convenient to the electrical accessory control panel.

   (5)  Wiring shall have an amperage capacity equal to or exceeding the designed load. Wiring splices shall be done at an accessible location and noted as splices on the wiring diagram.

   (6)  Body power wire shall be attached to a special terminal on the chassis.

   (7)  Wires passing through metal openings shall be protected by grommets.

   (8)  Wires not enclosed within the body shall be fastened securely at intervals of not more than 18 inches. Joints shall be soldered or joined by equally effective connectors.

   The provisions of this §  171.81 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4551—4553 and 6103.

 An automatic audible backup alarm, if used, shall be installed behind the rear axle. The backup alarm shall comply with SAE Standard J994b. See Appendix A.

   The provisions of this §  171.82 issued under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 Every bus shall carry at least three portable emergency reflective triangles, as specified by Chapter 167 (relating to portable emergency warning devices). They shall be mounted in an accessible place in the driver’s compartment.

   The provisions of this §  171.83 issued under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 Equipment added and alterations made to a school bus after its manufacture shall meet applicable Federal test standards. Additional equipment items not specifically required by Federal standards, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  101—9821 (relating to the Vehicle Code) or Department-promulgated regulations for vehicles, equipment and devices installed on or in a school bus shall bear the trademark, name or code symbol under which it is approved. Installed additional equipment may not interfere with or violate any equipment standard or requirement. Equipment items not specifically required by law or regulation may not replace or interfere with a required equipment item.

   The provisions of this §  171.84 issued under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4551—4553 and 6103.

 Installation of video equipment is at the discretion of the school district or the school bus contractor.

   The provisions of this §  171.85 issued under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4551—4553 and 6103.

 Fire axes are prohibited.

   The provisions of this §  171.86 issued under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4551—4553 and 6103.

   The provisions of this §  171.86 adopted May 20, 2005, effective May 21, 2005, 35 Pa.B. 3039.