Subchapter J. MOTOR-DRIVEN CYCLES AND MOTORIZED
PEDALCYCLES

 Equipment standards set forth in this subchapter apply to all motor-driven cycles and motorized pedalcycles driven on highways.

 (a)  Condition of steering components. The steering assembly and steering mechanism shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Steering head. The steering head shall be provided with a bearing or similar device allowing the steering shaft to turn freely in a rotating fashion.

 (c)  Handlebars. The handlebars or grips may not be higher than the operator’s shoulder level when the operator is properly seated upon the vehicle.

   (1)  The handlebars shall be of sturdy construction and adequate in size and length to provide leverage for steering and shall be capable of withstanding a minimum force of 100 pounds applied to each handle grip in any direction.

   (2)  The handlebars shall be designed so as not to restrict front fork movement and shall be capable of vertical adjustment.

   (3)  The handlebar design shall provide a minimum of 18 inches between ends, after final assembly.

   (4)  The handlebars shall be equipped with grips of nonslip design and materials.

   The provisions of this §  175.172 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4301, 4501, 4521 and 6103.

 (a)  Condition of braking systems. Braking systems and components shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Service brakes. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with a service brake system. See 75 Pa.C.S. §  4502 (relating to general requirements for braking systems).

   (1)  The service brakes shall act on all wheels upon application and shall be capable of stopping the vehicle in not more than the maximum stopping distance prescribed in Table I.

   (2)  A service brake system shall act upon all wheels according to the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications, except on a vehicle being towed in driveaway-towaway operation or side cars not originally equipped.

   (3)  The brake lining and brake fluids shall be of a type approved by the vehicle manufacturer or shall meet the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards (J998, January 1980). See Appendix A (relating to minimum requirements for motor vehicle brake linings—SAE J998).

   (4)  A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with a service brake system of a design that rupture or failure of either the front or rear brake system will not result in the complete loss of braking function. Braking function may be obtained by hydraulic or other means through normal brake mechanism. In the event of a rupture or failure of an actuating force component, the unaffected brakes shall be capable of applying an adequate braking force to vehicle.

   (5)  Metal from the shoe or caliper shall not contact the brake drums or rotors of the cycle if so equipped.

 (a)  Condition of tires and wheels. Tires and wheels shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Tire conditions. The tires shall not bear a marking or condition which may render the tire unsafe for highway use. The tires must be free of partial exposure of ply or cord; blow-out patches; bumps, bulges or separation; and regrooving and recutting below the original tread design depth.

 (c)  Manufacturer’s specifications. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have tires which conform to the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications as to tire size.

 (d)  Nonpneumatic tires. No vehicle specified under this subchapter operated on highway shall be equipped with nonpneumatic tires.

 (e)  Ice grips or studs. No tire shall be equipped with ice grips or tire studs of wear-resisting material which have projections exceeding 2/32 inch beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire.

 (f)  Antique vehicle pneumatic tire exemption. An antique vehicle may be equipped with nonpneumatic tires if originally equipped by the manufacturer.

 (g)  Wheel conditions. The wheels shall conform to the manufacturer’s specifications and shall not be bent, cracked, welded or damaged so as to affect safe operating conditions. The wheels shall be free of missing and loose studs and bolts or an improper thread engagement.

 (a)  Condition of lamps and switches. Every required lamp or switch shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Lighting standards. A vehicle specified under this subchapter driven on highways shall have lamps which comply with Tables II, IV and V; Chapter 153; and 75 Pa.C.S. §  4301.

 (c)  Headlamp system. A vehicle specified under this subchapter driven on the highway shall have at least one and no more than two headlamps. See 75 Pa.C.S. §  4303(a) (relating to general lighting requirements).

   (1) Lamps in a headlamp system shall be of Type I or Type II construction. On one-lamp system, the lamp shall be located in the center of the vehicle. On a two-lamp system, the lamps shall be symmetrically located on each side of the vehicle’s vertical centerline.

   (2)  The headlamp low beam minimum candlepower shall not be less than 7,500.

   (3)  The headlamp high beam minimum candlepower shall not be less than 10,000.

   (4)  Every headlamp shall be aimed to comply with §  175.190.

   (5)  Approved SAE modulating lamps are legal.

   (6)  A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with a manual dimmer switch conveniently located for use for the driver while in a normal operating position. An automatic dimming device may be used in addition to a manual switch.

   (7)  A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with a beam indicator, which shall be lighted whenever the high beam of light from the headlamp is in use, and shall not otherwise be lighted. The indicator shall be so located that when lighted it is readily visible without glare to the operator of the vehicle.

 (d) Total candlepower. Total candlepower for headlamps and auxiliary lamps shall not exceed 150,000.

 (e) Other required lamps. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have at least one red stop lamp and no more than two stop lamps—one on each side—on the rear of the vehicle, which shall be illuminated immediately upon application of the service brake.

 (f) Illumination except headlamps, fog lamps and auxiliary driving lamps. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have a stop lamp and tail lamp which, under normal atmospheric conditions, shall be capable of being seen and distinguished during nighttime operation at a distance of 500 feet. See 75 Pa.C.S. §  4303(b) and (d).

   (1) Rear lamps shall be lighted whenever headlamps, fog lamps or auxiliary driving lamps are in operation.

   (2)  A vehicle specified under this subchapter may be equipped with turn signals.

   (3)  The turn signals shall have a frequency of flash between 60—120 flashes per minute.

   (4)  A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with one stop lamp. The stop lamp shall be red. See 75 Pa.C.S. §  4303(b).

   (5)  The stop lamps shall be operated through a switching arrangement so that any motion of the brake towards the applied position immediately illuminates the stop lamp.

   (6)  The stop lamps shall not be combined with turn signal lamps unless arrangement of the switches or other parts are such that the stop lamp is extinguished when the turn signal is in use.

   (7)  The stop lamps shall be visible for 100 feet in normal sunlight.

   (8)  A motor-driven cycle registered shall be equipped with an alternator, generator or electrical energy storage source capable of providing lighting in compliance with Chapter 153 and SAE J392—Appendix B (relating to motorcycle and motor vehicle cycle electrical system (maintenance of design voltage)—SAE J392)—Maintenance of Design Voltage.

   (9)  A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with at least one red reflector to the rear.

   (10)  A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have at least one tail lamp if it was manufactured after 1973 or if originally so equipped.

 (g)  Condition and position of lamps. Lamps shall be properly fastened; direct light properly; be of color not contrary to Tables II, IV and V; and may not be so obstructed by a screen, bar, auxiliary equipment or device as to obscure, change color of or obstruct beam.

 (h)  Ornamental lamps. A lamp not enumerated in this section, and not located as described in Tables III—V of this chapter, is prohibited unless it is available as original equipment. An illuminated sign is prohibited. Flashing or revolving lights are not ornamental lamps. Provisions relating to flashing or revolving lights are located in Chapters 15 and 173 (relating to authorized vehicles and special operating privileges; and flashing or revolving lights on emergency and authorized vehicles).

 (i)  [Reserved].

 (j)  Registration plate lamp. A registration plate lamp, if originally equipped, shall emit white light and make the registration plate visible from a distance of 50 feet to rear.

 (k)  Auxiliary driving lamps and fog lamps. Auxiliary driving lamps and fog lamps may be installed on a motor-driven cycle or motorized pedalcycle if they comply with the following requirements:

   (1)  Fog lamps shall not be substituted for headlamps except under conditions of rain or fog. Fog lamps may be used with lower headlamp beams.

   (2)  Auxiliary driving lamps and fog lamps shall be mounted on front at a height not less than 12 inches nor more than 42 inches above level surface upon which the vehicle stands. Rear fog lamps, if originally installed or offered as optional equipment, are acceptable.

   (3)  Auxiliary lamps and fog lamps shall be aimed when vehicle and lamp assembly are in the straight ahead position with beam not above horizontal centerline of lamp at 25 feet.

   (4)  A vehicle specified under this subchapter may have one and no more than two approved auxiliary driving lamps and fog lamps.

   (5)  Auxiliary driving lamps and fog lamps shall not be placed in front of any required lamp.

   (6)  A vehicle equipped with headlamps, auxiliary driving lamps, or fog lamps may not have more than four forward projecting lamps illuminated at the same time.

 (l)  Antique vehicle lighting exemption. An antique vehicle, if operated exclusively between the hours of sunrise to sunset and not during periods of reduced visibility or insufficient illumination, is exempt from requirements of this section except requirements pertaining to stop lamps.

 (m)  Battery fastening. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with a system for secure fastening of the battery.

   The provisions of this §  175.175 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4301, 4501, 4521 and 6103.

 (a)  Condition of glazing. Glazing shall meet the requirements of Chapter 161 (relating to glazing materials). See 75 Pa.C.S. §  4526 (relating to safety glass).

 (b)  Safety glazing. A vehicle specified under this subchapter may be equipped with a windscreen. Requirements of this subsection do not apply to a vehicle manufactured or assembled before January 1, 1934, if original glazing is not cracked or discolored.

 (c)  Stickers. Out-of-State inspection stickers, tax stamps, road use permits or other government-related permits—all municipalities and states—may be placed at the lower left- or right-hand corner of windscreen.

 (d)  Obstructions. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have glazing free from obstructions as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

   (1)  With the exception of materials in paragraph (3), signs, posters or other materials, whose design prevents a driver from seeing through the material, may not be placed on the windscreen or a side wing or a side window so as to obstruct, obscure or impair the driver’s clear view of the highway or an intersecting highway. Under FMVSS No. 205, these restrictions do not apply to the rear side windows, rear wings or rear window of vehicles subject to this subchapter, if so equipped.

   (2)  The requirements of this subsection also apply to glass etchings, except those used for vehicle identification.

   (3)  A sun screening device or other material which does not permit a person to see or view the inside of the vehicle is prohibited unless otherwise permitted by FMVSS No. 205, or a certificate of exemption has been issued in compliance with §  175.265 (relating to exemption provisions). See Table X for specific requirements for vehicles subject to this subchapter.

   The provisions of this §  175.176 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4521, 4524, 4702 and 6103.

   The provisions of this §  175.176 adopted October 29, 1982, effective February 1, 1983, 12 Pa.B. 3862; corrected November 12, 1982, effective February 1, 1983, 12 Pa.B. 3947; readopted December 2, 1988, effective December 3, 1988, 18 Pa.B. 5362; amended September 27, 1996, effective September 28, 1996, 26 Pa.B. 4640. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (132944).

 (a)  Condition of mirrors. Mirrors shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Rearview mirrors. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with at least one rearview mirror or similar device. If a certificate of exemption for a sun screening device or other material has been issued, rearview mirrors, each with a minimum reflective surface of 12 1/2 square inches for a flat mirror or 10 square inches for a convex mirror, shall be installed on both sides of a motor-driven cycle or motorized pedalcycle. A vehicle for which a certificate of exemption has been issued for medical reasons may be equipped with only a left outside rearview mirror, unless originally equipped with an outside rearview mirror on both sides of the vehicle.

   (1)  A mirror may not be cracked, broken or discolored.

   (2)  A mirror shall hold adjustment.

   (3)  A mirror shall provide an unobstructed view of highway to the rear of the vehicle for a distance of not less than 200 feet.

   (4)  A mirror shall provide a minimum reflective surface of 12 1/2 square inches for a flat mirror or 10 square inches for a convex mirror.

 (c)  Obstructions. In a vehicle specified under this subchapter, the rearview mirror shall be free from obstructions as described in §  175.190.

   The provisions of this §  175.177 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4521, 4524, 4703 and 6103.

 (a)  Condition of fuel systems. All components in the fuel system shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Fuel system requirements. The fuel system components shall be leakproof and shall be fastened securely to the vehicle with fasteners designed for that purpose.

 (c)  Accelerator operation. If the vehicle was originally equipped with an accelerator control system, the accelerator control system shall return the engine throttle to idle position when operator removes actuating force from accelerator control.

 (d)  Filler cap. The fuel system shall be equipped with filler cap.

 (e)  Alternate fuel systems. See Subchapter M (relating to alternate fuel systems and controls).

 Every motor-driven cycle shall have an operating speedometer calibrated to indicate miles per hour or kilometers per hour, if the vehicle was originally equipped with a speedometer.

 A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have an operating odometer to indicate total miles or kilometers driven, if the vehicle was originally equipped with an odometer.

 (a)  Condition of exhaust system. All components of the exhaust system shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Exhaust system requirements. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with a muffler or other effective noise-suppressing system in good working order and in constant operation. A muffler or exhaust system may not be equipped with a cutout, bypass or similar device and a muffler may not show evidence of external repair.

   (1)  The exhaust system of a motor-driven cycle or motorized pedalcycle may not be modified in a manner which will amplify or increase noise emitted by the motor of vehicle above the maximum level permitted by Chapter 157 (relating to established sound levels).

   (2)  An exposed exhaust system shall be equipped with an adequate heat shield or protective system or be located to prevent contact by the operator or passenger.

   The provisions of this §  175.181 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4301, 4501, 4521 and 6103.

 (a)  Condition of horns and warning devices. All components of a horn or warning device shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Horn and warning device requirements. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have a horn or other warning device which is audible under normal conditions at a distance of not less than 200 feet. No vehicle shall be equipped with a siren, bell, whistle or similar device emitting an unreasonably loud or harsh sound, except emergency vehicles and vehicles equipped with an anti-theft device.

 (a)  Condition of body. All items on the body shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Fenders. The wheels of a vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with fenders of a type used as original equipment. At no time shall tires come in contact with the body, fenders or chassis of the vehicle.

 (c)  Protruding objects. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have no torn metal, glass or other loose or dislocated parts protruding from body.

 (a)  Condition of chassis. All items on the chassis shall be in safe operating condition as described in §  175.190 (relating to inspection procedure).

 (b)  Vehicle frame. A vehicle frame shall be in solid condition.

 (c)  Seats. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall be equipped with seat for operator which is firmly anchored to frame or support. No metal spring shall protrude from the driver’s seat.

 (d)  Chain guard or drive shaft cover. A covering device, to prevent contact with a rider while in the normal riding position, shall be provided.

 (e)  Stands. A vehicle specified under this subchapter shall have stands which are required to operate and be strong enough to support the vehicle and stay in proper position when not holding the vehicle in standing position.

 (f)  Hand-hold. A hand-hold device shall be provided if motor-driven cycle or motorized pedalcycle is designed to carry more than one person.

 (g)  Footrests. A vehicle specified under this subchapter operated upon highway shall have footrests or pedals for the person operating and footrests for each person riding upon the vehicle.

 (h)  Highway bars. If the vehicle specified under this subchapter is so equipped, the highway bars shall have a maximum width of 26 inches, shall be located not more than 15 inches from the foot controls and may not interfere with the operation of the foot controls.

 (a)  External inspection. An external inspection of motor-driven cycles only shall be performed as follows:

   (1)  Verify ownership, legality and proof of financial responsibility. For the purpose of this subchapter, ownership and legality shall be proven by a vehicle registration card, certificate of title or manufacturer’s statement of origin. Reject if one or more of the following apply:

     (i)   When vehicle ownership and legality are demonstrated by presentation of certificate of title or manufacturer’s statement of origin:

       (A)   The VIN is not in agreement with the vehicle registration card, title or manufacturer’s statement of origin. Exception: If only one digit is incorrect or two digits are transposed, and the owner provides evidence that the appropriate Department form has been completed to correct an error or transposition.

       (B)   The VIN plate is not securely fastened or is defaced, misplaced or missing.

     (ii)   When vehicle ownership and legality are demonstrated by presentation of vehicle registration card:

       (A)   The license plate is not in agreement with the numbers on the vehicle registration card. Exception: If only one digit is incorrect or two digits are transposed, and the owner provides evidence that the appropriate Department form has been completed to correct an error or transposition.

       (B)   The license plate is hanging loosely from its mounting bracket.

       (C)   The license plate is obscured so that the numbers cannot be identified.

       (D)   The license plate lamp, if so equipped, does not illuminate the license plate.

     (iii)   Acceptable proof of financial responsibility is not provided. For the purpose of this chapter, financial responsibility shall be proven by one of the following documents:

       (A)   A valid financial responsibility identification card issued in accordance with 31 Pa. Code (relating to insurance).

       (B)   The declaration page of a valid insurance policy.

       (C)   A valid self-insurance identification card.

       (D)   A valid binder of insurance issued by an insurance company licensed to sell motor vehicle liability insurance in this Commonwealth.

       (E)   A valid insurance policy issued by an insurance company licensed to sell motor vehicle liability insurance in this Commonwealth.

   (2)  Check the glazing.

     (i)   Reject if any of the following apply:

       (A)   Approved safety glazing is not used in the windscreen.

       (B)   A sign, poster or other material whose design prevents a driver from seeing through the material, obstructs, obscures or impairs the driver’s clear view of the highway or an intersecting highway. Under FMVSS No. 205, this restriction does not apply to the rear side windows, rear wings or rear window of vehicles subject to this subchapter, if so equipped.

       (C)   A vehicle displays a sticker other than those prescribed under §  175.176(c) (relating to glazing), or displays a parking sticker in a location described in §  175.176(d).

       (D)   Glass is shattered or broken or has any exposed sharp edges.

       (E)   There are defects in an acute area of the windscreen—center of the critical area on the driver’s side of the vehicle directly in the driver’s normal line of vision 8 1/2 inches wide and 5 1/2 inches high—or discolorations or hazardous cracks which would interfere with the driver’s vision.

     (ii)   This paragraph does not prohibit the use of a product or material along the top edge of the windscreen as long as the product or material is transparent and does not encroach upon the AS-1 portion of the windscreen as provided by FMVSS No. 205 and the product or material is not more than 3 inches from the top of the windscreen.

   (3)  Check the mirrors and reject if one or more of the following apply:

     (i)   The mirror is cracked, broken or discolored.

     (ii)   The mirror will not hold adjustment.

     (iii)   The mirror does not provide a minimum reflective surface of 12 1/2 square inches for a flat mirror or 10 square inches for a convex mirror.

     (iv)   Outside rearview mirrors, with a minimum reflective surface as described in §  175.177(b) (relating to mirrors), are not installed on both sides of the vehicle, if a certificate of exemption for a sun screening device or other material has been issued by the Department. See §  175.264 (relating to mirrors). A vehicle for which a certificate of exemption has been issued for medical reasons may be equipped with only a left outside rearview mirror, unless originally equipped with an outside rearview mirror on both sides of the vehicle.

   (4)  Check the fenders and reject if any of the following apply:

     (i)   A fender—front or rear—has been removed:

     (ii)   A fender is not of a type and size used as original equipment.

   (5)  Check the lamps and lenses and reject if one or more of the following apply:

     (i)   An exterior bulb or sealed beam, if originally equipped or installed, fails to light properly, except ornamental lights.

     (ii)   The turn signal lamps do not flash between 60—120 flashes per minute.

     (iii)   The turn signal lamps do not properly indicate the right or left when so switched.

     (iv)   The lamp shows a color contrary to Tables IV or V (relating to required motor vehicle lighting equipment; and location of required equipment), as applicable.

     (v)   The lamp or filament indicated at switch position does not light when the correct switch indicates the lamp should be on.

     (vi)   The lamp has a missing or broken lens.

     (vii)   A required lamp is missing.

     (viii)   Auxiliary equipment is placed on, in or in front of any lamp.

     (ix)   The fog lamps operate with high beams of headlamps.

     (x)   Auxiliary driving lamps operate with the low beam of standard headlamp system or alone.

     (xi)   The headlamps are out of adjustment as follows:

       (A)   Mechanical aimer:

         (I)   The horizontal aim is more than 4 inches to the left or right.

         (II)   The vertical aim is higher or lower than 4 inches from center.

       (B)   Screen or photo electric type tester. See Charts 1—3 (relating to headlight aiming screen distance and marking identification; high beam inspection limits; and low beam inspection limits):

         (I)   Turn the lamps on high beam and reject if the center of the beam is horizontally more than 4 inches to the right or left of straight ahead or if the center of the light beam is vertically more than 4 inches above or below horizontal line.

         (II)   Turn the lamps on low beam and reject if upper edge of beam is more than 4 inches above or below horizontal centerline of headlamp or if inner edge of beam is more than 4 inches to right or left of vertical line.

   (6)  Check for protruding metal and reject if torn metal, glass or other loose or dislocated parts protrude from surface of vehicle so as to create a hazard.

   (7)  Check the fuel tank cap and reject if the fuel tank filler cap is missing.

   (8)  Check the battery and reject if the battery is not securely fastened.

 (b)  Internal inspection. An internal inspection of motor-driven cycles only shall be performed as follows:

   (1)  Check the high beam and turn signal indicator lamps and reject if the indicator lamps are not working.

   (2)  Check the horn and reject if any of the following apply:

     (i)   There is no horn or other acceptable audible warning device.

     (ii)   The horn or other warning device is not audible under normal conditions for a distance of not less than 200 feet.

     (iii)   A vehicle is equipped with a siren, bell, whistle or a device emitting harsh or unreasonably loud sound except emergency vehicles and vehicles equipped with an anti-theft device.

   (3)  Check the brake system and reject if any of the following apply:

     (i)   There is excessive friction in the control linkage or components, or if the control levers are misaligned or improperly positioned.

     (ii)   There is mechanical damage other than wear.

   (4)  Check the motor mounts and reject if motor mounts are broken.

   (5)  Check the fuel systems and controls and reject if any of the following apply:

     (i)   There is liquid fuel leakage at any point in system.

     (ii)   Part of the fuel line is not securely fastened.

     (iii)   The fuel tank or line was not specifically designed or manufactured as fuel tank or line.

     (iv)   The fuel line is in contact with high temperature surfaces or moving parts.

     (v)   The fuel tank or line intrudes into a driver, passenger or cargo compartment, except if the vehicle was originally so designed. If the vehicle is equipped with an alternate fuel system, see Subchapter M (relating to alternate fuel system and controls).

     (vi)   The throttle, if originally equipped, does not return to the idle position when actuating force is removed.

 (c)  Beneath the vehicle inspection. A beneath the vehicle inspection of motor-driven cycles only shall be performed as follows:

   (1)  Inspect the tires and wheels and reject if one or more of the following apply:

     (i)   A tire has two adjacent treads with less than 1/32-inch tread remaining.

     (ii)   Part of the ply or cord is exposed.

     (iii)   A tire has been repaired with blow-out patch.

     (iv)   There is a bump, bulge or separation.

     (v)   A tire is marked ‘‘not for highway use,’’ ‘‘for racing purposes only’’ or ‘‘unsafe for highway use,’’ or has a similar designation.

     (vi)   There are other conditions or markings reasonably believed to render tire unsafe for highway use.

     (vii)   A tire has been regrooved or recut.

     (viii)   The wheel nuts or bolts are missing or loose or have improper thread engagement.

     (ix)   The stud or bolt holes are worn out of round.

     (x)   Part of the wheel is bent, cracked, welded or damaged so as to affect safe operation of vehicle.

     (xi)   The rear wheel does not track front wheel track in the straight ahead position within 1 inch to either side.

     (xii)   Studded tires are in use after April 15 and before November 1.

     (xiii)   A tire extends beyond outer edge of wheel housing or exceeds the manufacturer’s specification as to size.

   (2)  Inspect the steering system and reject if any of the following apply:

     (i)   The handlebars or grips are higher than the operator’s shoulder level when properly seated upon vehicle.

     (ii)   The handlebars are not of sturdy construction.

     (iii)   The handlebars restrict the front fork movement.

     (iv)   The handlebars do not provide a minimum of 18 inches between the grip ends.

     (v)   The handlebars are not equipped with grips of nonslip design and material.

     (vi)   Measured movement at the front or rear of the tire is greater than 1/4 inch in relation to the axle shaft.

     (vii)   The linkage components are not secured with cotter pins or other suitable devices.

     (viii)   The steering stops allow a tire to rub on the frame or chassis parts.

     (ix)   The front wheel is incapable of being turned to the right and left steering stops without binding or interference.

   (3) Inspect the vehicle frame and reject if any of the following apply:

     (i) The vehicle frame is not in solid condition.

     (ii)   A repair is made with tape, tar paper or cloth, or is made in another temporary manner.

     (iii)   The frame components are missing, cracked, rotted or broken or are in a deteriorated or dangerous condition.

     (iv)   The chain guard or other covering device is missing.

     (v)   The stand does not operate or is not strong enough to support vehicle.

     (vi)   The hand-hold device is not provided if motorcycle is designed to carry more than one person.

     (vii)   The footrests or pedals are not provided for each person operating or footrests are not provided for each person riding upon the vehicle.

     (viii)   The highway bars exceed maximum width of 26 inches or are located more than 15 inches from foot controls.

   (4)  Inspect exhaust system and reject if one or more of the following apply:

     (i)   The vehicle has no muffler or muffler has external repair.

     (ii)   There are loose or leaking joints.

     (iii)   There are holes, cracks or leaking seams in the exhaust system.

     (iv)   There is a muffler cutout or similar device.

     (v)   The elements are not securely fastened with proper clamps and hangers.

     (vi)   The exposed exhaust system does not have an adequate heat shield or protective system or is not located to prevent contact with riders.

 (d)  Road test. Perform a road test and reject if any of the following apply:

   (1)  The vehicle is not capable of stopping within the maximum stopping distance prescribed in Table I.

   (2)  There is a malfunction of the braking or steering mechanism—particularly shimmy, wander, or pull—or another questionable operating behavior that affects safe operation of vehicle.

   (3)  The speedometer, if originally equipped, does not operate.

   (4)  The odometer, if originally equipped, does not operate, except motor-driven cycles at least 25 years old.

   (5)  The vehicle cannot be driven forward.

 (e)  Exemption. A motorized pedal cycle is exempt from inspection.

   The provisions of this §  175.190 amended under the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § §  4103, 4301, 4501, 4521, 4524, 4702 and 6103.

   The provisions of this §  175.190 adopted October 29, 1982, effective February 1, 1983, 12 Pa.B. 3862; corrected November 12, 1982, effective February 1, 1983, 12 Pa.B. 3947; delayed February 11, 1983, 13 Pa.B. 708; except subsection (c)(1)(xiii), effectiveness of which has been indefinitely postponed until further notice, to the extent that these portions of the regulations prohibit placement of oversize tires that remain within the body line of vehicles and require the rejection of inspected vehicles equipped with these tires; amended December 30, 1983, effective December 31, 1983, 18 Pa.B. 4023; readopted December 2, 1988, effective December 3, 1988, 18 Pa.B. 5362; amended February 18, 1994, effective February 19, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 962; amended September 27, 1996, effective September 28, 1996, 26 Pa.B. 4640; amended November 13, 1998, effective May 13, 1999, 28 Pa.B. 5670. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (221313) to (221319).

   The provisions of this §  175.194 adopted December 2, 1977, effective February 1, 1978, 7 Pa.B. 3499; reserved October 29, 1982, effective February 1, 1983, 12 Pa.B. 3862; corrected November 12, 1982, effective February 1, 1983, 12 Pa.B. 3947. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (73503).