Subchapter D. PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
NECESSARY FOR SAFE OPERATION

§ 231.191. Additional equipment and accessories.

 49 CFR 393.2 (relating to additional equipment and accessories) incorporated by reference.

LIGHTING DEVICES, REFLECTORS
AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

§ 231.201. Lamps operable.

 A motor vehicle transporting a load which extends beyond the width or which has projections beyond the rear of the vehicle shall be equipped with the lamps listed in this section in addition to other required lamps. See §  231.292 (relating to flags on projecting loads) for flags on vehicles.

   (1)  Loads projecting beyond sides of motor vehicles.

     (i)   The foremost edge of the projecting load at its outermost extremity shall be marked with an amber lamp visible from the front and side.

     (ii)   The rearmost edge of the projecting load at its outermost extremity shall be marked with a red lamp visible from the rear and side.

     (iii)   If a portion of the projecting load extends beyond both the foremost and rearmost edge, it shall be marked with an amber lamp visible from the front, side and rear.

     (iv)   If the projecting load does not measure over 3 feet from front to rear, it shall be marked with an amber lamp visible from the front, side and rear except that if the projection is located at or near the rear, it shall be marked by a red lamp visible from the front, side and rear.

   (2)  Projections beyond rear of motor vehicles. A motor vehicle which transports loads extending over 4 feet beyond the rear of the motor vehicle or which has tailboards or tailgates extending over 4 feet beyond the body shall have these projections marked:

     (i)   On each side of the projecting load one red lamp, visible from the side located to indicate maximum overhang.

     (ii)   On the rear of the projecting load two red lamps, visible from the rear, one at each side and two red reflectors visible from the rear, one at each side, located to indicate maximum width.

 49 CFR 393.33 (relating to wiring, installation) incorporated by reference.

BRAKES

§ 231.231. Required brake systems.

 49 CFR 393.51 (relating to warning devices and gauges) incorporated by reference, except that the manufacturer’s gross weight rating of 49 CFR 393.51(g)(2)(ii) shall be 17,000 pounds or less.

 49 CFR 393.52 (relating to brake performance) incorporated by reference.

GLAZING AND WINDOW CONSTRUCTION

§ 231.251. Glazing in specified openings.

 49 CFR 393.63 (relating to windows, markings) incorporated by reference.

FUEL SYSTEMS

§ 231.261. All fuel systems.

 49 CFR 393.69 (relating to liquefield petroleum gas systems) incorporated by reference.

COUPLING DEVICES AND TOWING METHODS

§ 231.271. Coupling devices and towing methods, except for driveaway-towaway operations.

 49 CFR 393.71 (relating to coupling devices and towing methods, driveaway-towaway operations) incorporated by reference.

MISCELLANEOUS PARTS AND ACCESSORIES

§ 231.281. Tires.

 (a)  Fabric. No motor vehicle may be operated on a tire that has fabric exposed through the tread or sidewall.

 (b)  Front wheels. A tire on the front wheels of a bus, truck or truck tractor shall have a tread groove pattern depth of at least 4/32 of an inch when measured at a point on a major tread groove. The measurements may not be made where tie bars, humps or fillets are located.

 (c)  Measurement. Except as provided in subsection (b), tires shall have a tread groove pattern depth of at least 2/32 of an inch when measured in a major tread groove. The measurement may not be made where tie bars, humps or fillets are located.

 (d)  Regrooved, recapped or retreaded tires. No bus may be operated with regrooved, recapped or retreaded tires on the front wheels.

 (e)  Trucks. No truck or truck tractor may be operated with regrooved tires on the front wheels which have a load-carrying capacity equal to or greater than that of 8.25-20 8 ply-rating tires.

 (f)  Tire load rating.

   (1)  Front wheels—general rule. No motor vehicle may be operated with tires on the front wheels which carry a greater weight than that specified for the tires in the publications of the standardizing bodies listed in FMVSS No. 119 and marked on the sidewall of the tire. If the load does not exceed rated capacity, tires not marked in accordance with FMVSS No. 119 may be used on the front axles of single-unit-property carrying vehicles.

   (2)  Other than front wheels. After September 30, 1976, no motor vehicle may be operated with tires on wheels other than the front wheels which carry a greater weight than that specified for the tire in the publications of the standardizing bodies listed in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 119.

   (3)  Conflict. If a conflict exists on allowable tire loads and pressures among the manufacturer or a standards organization, FMVSS No. 119 governs.

   (4)  Tire pressure. No motor vehicle may be operated on a tire which has a cold inflation pressure less than that specified for the load being carried.

   (5)  Inflation pressure. If the inflation pressure of the tire has been increased by heat because of the recent operation of the vehicle, the cold inflation pressure shall be estimated by subtracting the inflation buildup factor shown in Table No. I from the measured inflation pressure.

TABLE I—INFLATION PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
CORRECTION FOR HEAT

	Minimum inflation pressure buildup
Average speed of tire in miles per hour	Tires with 4,000 lb. (1,814 kg) Maximum load rating or less	Tires with over 4,000 lb. (1,814 kg) load rating
41 to 55 mi/h (66 to 88.5 km/h)	5 lb/in (0.36 bar)	15 lb/in (1.07 bars)

 (a)  Exhaust system of a motor vehicle. No part of the exhaust system of a motor vehicle may be so located as would be likely to result in burning, charring or damaging the electrical wiring, the fuel supply or a combustible part of the motor vehicle.

 (b)  Exhaust system of a bus. The exhaust system of a bus powered by a gasoline engine shall discharge to the atmosphere at an outside edge of the vehicle. The exhaust system of a bus powered by other than a gasoline engine shall discharge to the atmosphere at an outside edge of the vehicle.

 A motor vehicle which has a load which extends beyond the sides or more than 4 feet beyond the rear shall have the extremities of the load marked with a red flag, not less than 12 inches square.

 49 CFR 393.94 (relating to vehicle interior noise levels) incorporated by reference.

EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

§ 231.301. Emergency equipment on all power units.

 49 CFR 393.95 (relating to emergency equipment on all power units) incorporated by reference.

PROTECTION AGAINST SHIFTING
OR FALLING CARGO

§ 231.311. General rules for protection against shifting or falling cargo.

 49 CFR 393.106 (relating to front-end structure) incorporated by reference.

   This section cited in 67 Pa. Code Chapter 231 Appendix B (relating to vehicle out-of-service criteria).